Afrogouvernance, by
Get involved in a political party
A political party, organized Association which gathers citizens joined
by a philosophy or a common ideology, realization of which it searches, with as objective conquest and the exercise of power of
which it searches. It is therefore an organization in the service of an idea.
The affirmation of universal suffrage Right to
vote granted to all major citizens allowed the development of the parties which enliven political life and participate in pluralism,
foundation of any democracy.
It is necessary to differentiate different types of parties:
The said parties " of staff»,
born in XIXth century, are parties of notables (existent, at first, of the middle classes or the upper class) and are traditionally
to the right or in the centre. In
The
said parties «of mass», been born at the beginning of the XXth century with the development of the socialism and communism. They have
as objective the transformation of the society and the realization of a new social order. For it, they lean on a structured and prioritized
organization and on a big number of followers assuring a financial self-government so the party and the supervision of the voters;
The
parties of voters, notion appeared in 1960s, is characterized by the research of the gathering of the biggest number and become attached
to the promotion of consensual objectives.
The essential part of the political parties is
to participate in the animation of political life.
In a more definite way, parties fill two functions:
They are the
intermediaries between the people and power: the party works out a program introducing its proposals which, if it carries off elections,
will be taken back in the plan of the government collegiate Organ composed of the Prime minister, of ministers and the secretaries
of state loaded with the execution of laws and direction of national policy... The parties of opposition can offer alternative resolutions
in the policy of the majority in the place and so fill a function by translating the discontent of certain voters. However, they note
for some years a certain disenchantment of the citizens towards parties, which they do not consider any more out of necessity to be
their best representatives and intermediaries. The increase of the rate of abstention, until newly, translates this reality perhaps.
Parties
also have a function of leadership: they have as objective conquest and the exercise of power to implement announced policy. If in
pluralist regimes (where exist several parties) traditional comprehension is that the executive power is charging up of national interest
independently of parties, these assure definitely the behaviour of national policy through their representatives the government and
in the parliamentary majority. They justify and stabilize democratic regime, by making it work. Animators of political debate, they
also contribute to structure public opinion. Besides, with the tendency to the professionalization of political life, parties acquired
a part of selection of the representatives called to govern.
Any party has a constituting
text which specifies its internal organization. The existence of structures is a necessary condition so that parties can continue,
establish themselves in electorate, work with effectiveness on the conquest of power, and persuade the voters to implement the political
program which they will have worked out.
In general, at national level, a congress, united periodically, composed of the representatives
of the followers, is the opportunity of a debate between different feelings or tendencies and has as first mission to indicate the
national authorities of the party. Some are used terms, there is always an office or a national advice, with in the summit a president
or a national secretary this "leader" is most often elected by all the followers (ex: Socialist Party, Progressive Union...). Even
we consider the Communist, for a long time monolithic Party, moves toward this practice.
At local level, there are basic entities,
sections or cells, which are regrouped by departmental confederations authorities of which are elected by the followers. It is at
this level that gets organized the " job of ground " who allows to the party to be in direct catch with the electorate.
They
can also recall differentiations which can exist between the party apparatus ("permanent " and responsible national), the parliamentary
group and the basic activists " ". So, the activists can seem more tied to the founder principles of the party, while the parliamentary
group will be able to be more disposed to compromise. Since then, this organization in different circles can show itself source of
conflicts. Besides, due to the importance of presidential election in political life, parties, made to have "Presidential" in their
ranks, became structures of selection of the best possible candidate. If there are several candidates, internal rivalries can exacerbate
and tendencies, before structured on cleavages programmatic, define themselves in group of support of a personality.
The question of the financing of the political parties is, for some years, very sensitive. The multiplication
of judicial business linked to this financing hit public opinion and made the installation of legislation necessary.
Parties
are first financed by the private resources. It is:
Contribution comes of their adherents and their elected representatives,
who were traditionally the source of financing of the parties of mass. Contribution is in general of a not very well brought up sum
and is not enough to face up operational expenses;
Donations of the private individuals, are restricted to a certain threshold
according to the electoral laws of every country a year and per capita. They are in general acquired at the time of elections and
in no normal frame of the functioning of parties.
It is necessary to differentiate
the activists of the followers first of all. The followers are persons affiliated to a political party an organized Association is
which gathers citizens joined by a philosophy or a common ideology, realization, with as objective conquest and the exercise of power
of which it searches, because they have their card of the party having paid a contribution, in general of a weak sum. The activist
is an active follower. What means that it agrees to do a job of ground voluntarily and to participate in the life of the party.
This
activist's activity is varied. It can be:
To participate in the habitual meetings of the party, so as to discuss its orientations,
the campaign strategy adopts during a local election or big national debates of instant;
To introduce the positions of the party,
by the distribution of pamphlets on the street, on markets or by the sale of a newspaper …
To participate in more numerous
activities during election campaigns (collage of posters, organization of meetings).
To follow…
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Afrogouvernance
by Gustave Botela Lipo, April 13th, 2010.
Dear readers, before going on our subject
of day, I would first like to brush a hypothesis which explains or defines certain parameters on the notion of elections which is
our taboo subject. So, my purpose is first that some of you understands definitely the parameters which govern laws, rights etc, on
elections. It exists of course among some of us who still do not understand: Why elections; what is an election; for what is of use
an election; which is the usefulness of opposition in a democracy; which is the regulations of elections; which are thing conditions
to be elected; what the citizens expect from elected representatives.
These parameters are the notions of morality which all
political supporters have to know and not by heart but, especially understand and definitely interpret these basic notions because;
it can definitely spare us all poor surprises that our African countries are living in approach or during elections. If populations
have more or less understood the sense of elections, I think that the candidates of poor intention will not have any more their place
with ideas of killing off or others bad ideas.
A Republic working according
to the principle of the government is often given a ruling by a collegiate organ composed of the Prime minister, of ministers and
the secretaries of States loaded with the execution of laws and direction of national policy. Representative, the first function of
election is to allow to the citizens to choose their leaders and their representatives, who will write and vote for law in their name
in the’ Parliament also a collegiate Organ which exercises the legislative power (adoption of laws and control of the executive power).
In Europe in general, the Parliament is composed of two rooms: national Assembly and the Senate. So, election is a deputation of Sovereignty.
It constitutes, within an organized society, «valve of security ». In effect, the possibility for the citizens to be able to regularly
express their discontent or, contrariwise, to give a new mandate to sitting power, avoids that major political disagreement finds
another ground of expression street) and other modalities (the violence).
Election can also allow regulating a crisis. When an
extremely important debate divides the citizens, appeal in universal suffrage Right to vote was granted to all major citizens. They
can allow finding a resolution.
Finally, election can dress a strategically aspect: they can use election to keep power. So,
in Great Britain, legislative elections take place always before the end of the mandate of the Lower House, the Prime minister choosing,
to dissolve it, the instant which he considers the best for his own party.
They
indicate by opposition, the political parties or movements not belonging to the parliamentary majority and therefore opposing to it.
Opposition has several functions, in democracies:
· First of all, opposition
constitutes a force of opposition: she allows avoiding that the majority, once reached power, have temptation to lead a policy carrying
infringements of personal rights and freedom. For it, opposition has different means: the implication of governmental responsibility
in front of the National Assembly by vote of no confidence, submission of the Constitutional Council, questions put down to the "
government collegiate Organ composed of the Prime minister, of ministers and the secretaries of state loaded of execution of laws
and of the direction of national policy in the parliamentary surrounding walls...
· Opposition also represents the possibility of a political alternation: it participates in the existence of the political pluralism,
which is one of the foundations of democracy. This pluralism allows choosing his governments. And, there is true choice only if the
voter can be pronounced between several possibilities. So, opposition, by offering a new lesson in national policy, allows the citizens
possibly discontented with having an appeal. With means, recalled more high, at the disposition of the parliamentarians, she can demonstrate
his disagreement towards coherent policy and try to postpone her implementation.
· Finally, opposition also allows renewing the political personnel: when the majority lose power, politicians' new generation can find
a place of choice in opposition and get ready so to take important functions on the occasion of a win to come.
The role of opposition
is therefore essential in democracy. That's why certain countries organized him a true status.
The regulations of elections, in democracies, make the object of very detailed dispositions. In effect, it is important
that the expression of the suffrage of the citizens is free and sincere. For this reason, there must be laws governing the modalities
of organization of elections which are regrouped in the Franchise act. They define in principle, for every type of election, modes
of inscription on electoral rolls, cutting up of districts, conditions to be elected and fix the norms of sequence of polls.
They
can however differentiate three important elements in the regulation of elections:
· The financing of the election campaign must be strictly organized: expenses are culminated; the candidate must hold a campaign account
prepared by a deputy especially named to this effect, the campaign account makes the object of a control at the end of electoral operations
(ex: for presidential election, the campaign account of every candidate is proved by the national Commission of campaign accounts
and political financings);
· Electoral propaganda: that it is of billing
or different broadcasting means, authorities, possibly with the help of independent administrative authorities (ex: The upper Council
of the broadcasting and broadcasting), have to supervise and control the sequence of this electoral propaganda so that the candidates
benefit from an equality of treatment.
· The bone of contention of election is
entrusted to a judge, who can possibly change the results of election in case of electoral fraud (administrative judge for the municipal,
Cantonal, regional elections; Constitutional Council for presidential, legislative, senatorial elections and referendums).
They call eligibility the possibility of being elected. It is about the juridical capacity to come on
an election. In principle, every voter must be able to be elected, but certain conditions must be satisfied.
First of all thorough
conditions:
· Be of nationality juridical Link giving to an individual
citizen's quality dun State.
· Have right to vote, therefore be under
tutelage or have been subjected to certain heavy criminal sanctions (ex: imprisonment);
· Be major or have attained a minimal age: example: it is necessary to be 35-year-old for instance to come in presidential and legislative
elections and of 45 years to be elected in the Senate;
In the most part of the countries, the Parliament which is a collegiate
Organ which exercises the legislative power (adoption of laws and control of the executive power). In French-speaking Africa for instance,
the Parliament is composed of two rooms: national Assembly and the Senate. in the department where they are in post office, to avoid
that they use the influence which brings to them, or brought to them, their function to be elected.
But also, conditions of form:
· Take note of candidacy;
· Fill certain ceremonies as a patrimonial statement
for presidential and parliamentary elections;
· Respect texts on the financing
of campaigns: therefore choose a deputy and hold a campaign account which it will be necessary to deposit after polls.
There
are also conditions of political order. So, for elections of national range, it is very difficult to come with some chance to be elected,
if they are not invested and supported by a ’ political party, Left organized Association which gathers citizens joined by a philosophy
or a common ideology, realization, with as objective conquest of which it searches and exercise of power.
There is not naturally exhaustive list of what a citizen can discount of his elected representatives.
There
was an important debate on this question heretofore. Some people were favourable to the system said about the imperative mandate.
In that case, the elected representatives get involved, during election, on definite questions, and if, once reached power, they do
not act in strict compliance with these commitments; they can be relieved of their functions.
For others, who finally had to
take it, the parliamentarians are the elected representatives of the very whole nation, and could not therefore be kept by commitments
taken in front of a party only by this Nation (corresponding to the voters of their district). In that case, «Any imperative mandate
is void ".
It does not mean that the citizens can expect for nothing from their elected representatives. As for the national
elected representatives, the citizens can wait from them that they search general interest in their daily action. But, the citizens
also consider that the national elected representatives must also be able to be grabbed with dailies problems. So the deputies accept
a large number of letters asking them to intervene, to organisms of the State or raising regions with a measure of autonomy, notably
in social domains (accommodation, job, old persons...). The parliamentarians have to make it readily and dedicate it an important
time.
Concerning the local elected representatives, their role is definitely to take tasks in direct relation with the daily
life of the citizens and to assure, all at once, the development of the group the load of which they have.
To follow …
The years 2010 and 2011, the most part of the African countries are and will be confronted to the democratic system of elections.
In spite of political adulthood them saying, it is always necessary to make appeal to the international community to organize and
to supervise better all events. Then, to whom error if nothing works in this Continent?
In this XXIth century, political stakes
are at the source of the prosperity of a country. African Countries do not avoid it. The globalization new deal on these stakes does
not give the choice to us to fight on all fronts, especially sales and marketing person which includes all monetary and decision-making
system in a country.
Africa is at this instant the continent most coveted on all planet earths up. It is a godsend for certain
countries of this continent cradle to develop. To know that the yesterday losers can definitely become big today's potency. To be
a big potency does not mean be great armed by military means provided with the most sophisticated nuclear bombs. As an example; Japan,
which should be the loser of the Second World War, is not it among the grand masters of worldwide economy? China controls the almost
entirety of the worldwide economy, which does not know the history of China, it is everywhere and causes to invest and to buy all
that moves in the business world anywhere in this planet. Known under Beijing
« the market capitalization is more than 3 000
billion Yuan’s, what makes it take in into the classification of 500 bigger for last 17 years.
It is the second organism of loan
in Patterned, first lender to the individuals, and first lender on the foreign market. The organism of loan n°1 is Industrial and
Commercial Bank of Bargain-hunted. In 2002, it made a more than 52,7 billion Yuan benefit, up 20 % in comparison with the previous
year.
Bank of Bargain-hunted act out of China as a private firm, but always in link with BOC of state in China.
BOC made
its first financial operations in Hong Kong in 1917, and became a major actor there, competing with the English banks on the territory.
She became printer of tickets in Hong Kong in 1994 then in Macao since 1995.
The operations of BOC in Hong Kong were regrouped
in Bank of BOCHK Dyes the warp threads of (Hong Kong) in 2001, and slightly later, was listed in the Stock Market of Hong Kong in
October, 2002. The two thirds of his capital actions are of the shorts.
It is the most international bank of all
Chinese banks, with ramifications on every major continent. Outside China, BOC makes of deals in 25 countries, an establishment of
which Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Russia, Hungary, the United States, Panama, Brazil, Japan,
the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Philippines, the Vietnam, Malaysia, the Thailand, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Bahrain, the Zambia,
the Southern Africa and they also find in Cayman Islands. And since November,
Although it
is present in the mentioned above countries, its operations out of China represent only 4 % of the activity of the bank, as well from
the point of view of the benefits as from capitalization. Count in China represented 60 % of benefits and 76 % of capitalization in
December, 2005.
She is now the main competitor of International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB). Some people will
tell themselves that, their case differs, but it is it which controls everything.
Africa and its elites hold on tightly to complain
about the working of the Westerners in their Continent. Of course, but why do not to learn rather than to shout for help! The Westerners
work non-stop for survive of their population and do not have to be in charge of Africans problems freely while themselves have important
challenges to be raised in their own territories!
The Westerners colonized Africa so-so, the Africans claim to be sovereigns
today. Sovereignty means what?
Since the attainment of African countries in independence it is only the complaints which increasing.
Of course that these complaints will never finish it seen that they do not want to fit to the styles and to the actual methods of
international cooperation. Africans Elites are not any more to be count of the finger point as in the first years of 1960s. Today
elites are counted by millions and in every field of science and social. But how they still don't arrive to lead?
Africa of 1960s,
with not enough elites, they could tear off, where to negotiate sovereignty in the hands of the Westerners and today with millions
of the especially of high level and more skilled intellectuals than those of 1960s, they cannot to success in leading, planning, organizing
and deciding on the prosperity of their Continent. How to explain those setbacks? It is always again the fault of the Westerners?
Africa
is an environmental preservation of every possible treasure. But what do the Africans with? In the hypothesis if all Westerners left
with their know-how, in the event how would become the African Continent?
Africa on political plan, in spite of so tragic experiments
as her is living, it always clocks in of finger that it is the fault of others. The governments of the Western countries also have
full of problems to be regulated with their populations. It is their populations which work in tear off foot to survive; and do you
think that these people whose governments take taxes, are happy to see their money flying off to make donations in Africa to make
survive the divesting in this old continent? Because they know that, the Africans governments are also be able of taking taxes in
their countries to make work their political and economic systems normally for their own survive.
To follow …
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Afrogouvernance,
by
By
basing us on arguments of
The debate between capitalism
and anti capitalism dominates ideological quarrels and political conflicts in our time. The political parties, the groups of interests,
societies and thought accept in fact in their daily action, this violent and unsatisfactory classification.
In the middle of
conflict, it is not without interest to analyse in terms of science fundamental facts, cardinal institutions and essential links which
characterize capitalist economy.
So much fundamental questions can be asked with clarity. What capitalism? How did it form? How
does it work? According to what law or according to what uniformities? Is it subjected to a crisis and of which nature? What future
opens him, to the eyes of the watcher who is concerned to calculate his real chances rather than to express a doctrinal taken party
or to let speak a constitution? These questions of course haunt minds.
Word and regime do not
provoke emotional reactions at intellectual elites and in the masses of favourable. Capitalism was so harshly attacked with opened
face and however insidiously questioned it is, for the big number, face of enemy of the mankind. To condemn it one more time, it is
to take a role without danger and without glory. Defend his reason; it is to speak in front of judges in pocket with a sentence of
death. (J.
Even when they do not accept summary apprises of party; to which any exam of capitalism necessarily seems
to drive; it remains that to name it and it is to isolate it, to give catch on him, to display it in a limited analysis and to determine.
It is cleverer, if they chose to support it, to fix attention on realities such as: individualistic economy or economy based on ownership
and exchange.
Even if it is not dictated by a judgement of value which hides itself or a taken party which does not confess,
the mistrust regarding concept and of reality of capitalism is not without motives.
By searching the encyclopaedia of definition,
the prior taken party, although the orientation of research makes it diverge the common definitions of capitalism. Some people characterize
them by the working of the worker (gain) or the consumer (overprice of the product). While the others, everything in the rear, define
it by accumulation achieve the capital, which draws away the elevation of productiveness and diminution in the expense and in price.
These and those lock up in a prefatory notion what at best could be the conclusion of their researches.
Between
types of resolution, between kinds of exits which have just been characterized, force by including their haven of mind will decide.
This truism is worth to be only formulated because it keeps each, man or left to take its priorities for premonitions and its today's
diagnoses for realities of tomorrow.
Without giving in to temptation, very frequent, to replace with a doctrinaire prejudice
a study of facts which can be driven in its detail only by countries or groups of countries, it is necessary to dispel certain general
confusions, spread by Marxist interpretation of « report of force ». An objective analysis reveals that this interpretation is inexact.
It rests on confusion and a polarity touching notion and fact of the class. It leaves each entirely divested as regards relations
between carelessly relegated nations and her interpreters in the uncharted domain of superstructures[2].
If the class is group
of men made united some of the others by their post office in production, we can deduct from it that there is a class; that of the
dependent wage-earning workers, in industry. The post in production is distinctly characterized; the men who occupy it show between
them there very big and except overlapping on various circles.
This homogeneity at least relating the sociologists of which find
signs in the commensally and social distance. They also have group and without stopping retail or in nuances, of common interests
which, in modern civilizations, are isolable compared with the interests of other social groups.
In the Marxist sense of this
word, there is a class, but there is not one second in the same sense. «The middle classes ", the propertied «are that can be spotted
neither by the unit of post office in production, nor by an even relating, present and active social homogeneity in this category.
A class every court, from groups every court. And not two classes.
For the class, a tragedy of isolation and not a tragedy of
simple and ineluctable antagonism regarding another social group. For the class and for groups, risks of proletarianization being
a state characterized by the complexes of isolation, social fright, feeling of oppression and working, and caused by numerous reasons,
but ever automatically procreated by wage-earning and dependent job. Here is the bulk of what observation reveals in Europe, in the
United States, in countries with recent capitalism.
It is enough to say that considerations drawn by the number or the potential
of attack and defence of both classes are not clean to orientate on the destiny of capitalism. If the working class was really isolated
and reduced to its own means, it would be favourably poor position for
destroy capitalism and to construct a compared system. The
working parties act consequently because, they know it, even when their vocabularies do not express it openly, by multiplying alliances
between the class and those of the social groups which have or can be persuaded to have common interests with her.
A managerial
economics and of market, a capitalism which raises the social product serving the interests of all in a unequal manner, but with effectiveness,
a continuity and an intensity which can be considerably augmented by proper reforms of the institutional frames. This fact avoids
less and less the aware and thoughtful elites of the working classes.
In this domain, one
more time, debate makes dark some not very debatable realities and tries rather in vain hard to give to the history of the world the
simple aspect of conflict between capitalism and anticapitalism.
It is precise that relations between Russia and the United
States of America are critical for the next evolution of capitalism.
It is very inexact that the conflict between Russia and
the United States of America comes down, consists merely of a conflict between collectivist planning and capitalism. The history of
two people and two nations does not hold in that of their economic systems, and the civilization of job is not more the prerogative
of Russia than the civilization of freedom is not that of the United States of America.
If bloody conflict is avoided, the market
of market and firm has, in spite of all difficulties of transition, immense perspectives of development. In case of war, contrary
to a very spread defeatist slogan, it is not of valid reason to conclude one in universal bolshevization.
If the predominant
economy on a worldwide scale, if the champion of capitalism triumphed, he should, as much as never, play his policy of collectivization
of the product and the access to the power of the world of job. If Russia took it, it would be sure not at all of being able to make
triumph permanently, elsewhere that under his immediate catches on the continent, the regime of authoritarian plans.
If chaos
was the clearest result of conflict, if huge destruction imposed on the planet ruined, in some years or in some months, the patient
work of civilization, the return to quasi primitive forms of economy would restore all their virtuousness to local, family and individual
initiatives.
The economic leaders, the leaders in every field of activity, would perhaps be tolerated not only, but also called
by a hurt and scared humanity. Would it be wholly impossible that they should re-teach then, these practices of exchange, barely firm,
accumulation free from the capital nuisance of which we is today encouraged to see only because we are accustomed for a long time
to their beneficial effects?
To follow …
[1]
[2] According to
Afrogouvernance,29thAugust 2009.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall, all Africans countries in the past the big partners of the hard line
of communism have become the big supporters of the democratic class today. Nothing is poor in this an unintentional change...
But
only, this change gives proof of what exactly? For some, it is the end of communism and if they asked them why they chosen this camp
of communism; answers will be numerous and endless.
So the twentieth century ended in the current of democracy the followers
of which became more numerous. The membership of the most part of these Africans countries in the camp of democracy, did it change
how he lives, of thinks and of aims if it is only the facade of free election?
If we can see closely, newspapers, magazines etc,
in roughly the press African increase exponentially and some people freed themselves to publish all that they pick up as news on their
passage to entertain the gallery. They cannot disclaim that it is the freedom of press what justifies a branch of democracy so partly.
Certain
Africans governments acquired important ministerial departments, rooms of Senate and Deputy, the honourable of which are counted by
thousands with big wages however national income even does not allow to pay the wages of the civil servants and misery is always permanent
within the population. That is lively democracy without democracy.
At the time when other countries in other continents concentrate
in the survival of their population, wars increase in Africa under the aegis of democracy. All belligerents claim to be liberating
however, they kill themselves without pity. They spend their destiny in the purchase of the weapon of top without caring of survive
her of the population.
Africa, potentially richer from a distance than Europe, America and why not Asia, but they cannot understand
at all only this continent with their leaders however inured well politically still does not succeed in promoting the continent. For
what are of use Africans universities! The young person’s qualified are always jobless and it is the expatriates who fill all important
jobs in Africans countries. For the building of a road or of a big building or airport, it is necessary to call foreign expertise
and however they have the same engineers on place awarded a diploma by Africans Universities. Poverty became the stereotype and synonym
of the Africans. If they speak Westerners of miseries in the most part of the documentaries in televisions, they check off the Africans
in first. Where is the pride of Africa and of his inhabitants in so much people of this planet finally?
Africa is a big reserve
of forests in the world, but they still import papers, pencils and other scholastic supplies of which they can fabricate them based
on wood in provenance
from Africa. The equatorial forests silly thing endowed of every sort and kind of pharmaceuticals. But unfortunately
it is only the foreign researchers who devote themselves to it for the discovery of the curative herbs. And the Africans are always
big importers of pharmaceuticals.
Africa, big producer of pure cotton, but the Africans leaders are the biggest models of clothes
imported elsewhere in the world that in Africa. Where are the industries of textile industries Africans? All Africans fashion designer
are relegated to the last ranks. They acknowledge no couturier of worldwide reappointing African where from the Europeans or the other
inhabitants of other planets come to make order of costumes and trousers in Africa. The Africans leaders even do not think of developing
the industries of manufacture of these nice cloths in Africa. The imported products are always the best that ours. However the most
part of these raw materials of the clothes which they carry come from Africa.
All big Africans leaders who respect themselves
always die out of Africa. Africa has not a world-famous hospital. It still proves that our leaders even do not trust to the doctors
formed in Africans universities. Unfortunately once attain diseases; they go in other continents in the hope of avoiding death, unfortunately
for them they always come back to us in sarcophagi in Africa. Why not to construct hospitals worthy of the name in Africa? However
our Africans leaders brag have good schools, universities in Africa, but they make not treat always in Africa, even the delivery of
their children always make elsewhere that in Africa. How you conceive this philosophy? It is which kind Question of lack of equipment,
I do not think because, the Africans can obtain it and then it is what? It is perhaps always the crisis of mentality that is at issue?
The
entireties of Africans countries today are the outright supporters of democracy. It is a big win for the masters and founders of this
ideology. But it brought back what in Africa? Since the fall of wall of Berlin, instead of bringing back peace and unite, it is on
the contrary, Africa became fields of battle and of tries of every sort and kind of the bloody weapon of the new generation. Congolese
and Rwandan became enemies, Chadian and Sudanese do not speak about it anymore, etc. Finally, what are the parameters which define
democracy in Africa according to the Westerners? Is it democracy has a clean definition where simply an ideology of every man for
himself and God for us all?
Leaving the United States of America up to the small Africans villages,
everybody speaks about the governance good. But it is what exactly?
According to Larousse: «Governance defines himself as action
to govern»; way to manage.
It means that the one, who manages his community well without a hitch, makes of the governance good
and otherwise it is the governance poor. But if we enter the depth according to general agreements and indicators which the specialists
in the field of the governance set up, the notion of the governance becomes more complex than they cannot believe it. That's true
that it becomes complex coach, the connotation of governance goes beyond the simple definition of Larousse. The governance good becomes
whole well structured system which asks for clean characteristics her to govern better. In other one; we have administrative reform,
rights (administrative and juridical), political philosophy, social (culture), etc.
The governance[i] is a controversial notion.
The term of governance is defined and heard in effect today in a very various and sometimes contradictory way. However and in spite
of the multiplicity of the applications of word, there is a dynamic village in the usage of this term. To the most part of those who,
within the public sector as within the private sector, use the term of governance, this one indicates first of all a movement of "shift"
of the decision making, with a multiplication of places and actors implicated in this decision. It returns in the installation of
new more flexible modes of regulation, founded on the partnership between different actors.
So only term « good governance »
was according to set up indicators a system defined well according to its criteria, economic crisis followed by recession will never
have their place in countries the most developing are saying. Since they are very well governed and why and how recession can hit
them of full forehead!
Every day, Africa accepts leading visitors from other continents under the pretence of the tabs of the
specialists of the governance good. But to them, their governments inject considerable funds for Research and Development for administrative
reform (good governance), since they do not have another ideal resolution. The Africans leaders have to know that the notion of the
governance good does not import and has no clean indicators so that the African population lives easily. Every country has its own
culture and the plagiarism of other one will be only getting worse situation.
For 1960s, the period Africans of which the almost
all of countries acquired independence, they did not cease speaking to us the notion of democracy and communism. The Africans leaders
hung on following the one or other one, and heretofore it is the misery which always hits us cruelly. Today it is the governance good.
As the notion of democracy and communism, governance good is one of the ideologies that resemble the first two notions. If at certain
instant a group governs in favour of certain influential group which harvests winnings, they speak about the governance good without
tarnishing count of consequences on populations in place.
Africa knew all ideologies for more than hundred years. But what is
the best heretofore? After independence; they called us the underdeveloped countries, then developing countries in the big bag term
of Third World; no it is not any more it democracy is needed, free election, but misery always persists; no it is the error of the
governance good since we are in the epoch of globalization now and it is necessary to respect criteria set up with its indicators,
but always nothing goes better. Cannot they leave the free field also to the Africans to create and to invent their own system for
the good to be from their population?
To be following....
Visits increase continuously. The Emissaries employ their force of influence to try to acquire the part of the cake by all
means. When Western economy is in trouble, the emissaries brag about cooperation with this nasty continent that Africa is. Why it?
Countries
are saying rich economically, equipped with leading-edge technologies but they do not have natural resources to fabricate them and,
it is these countries enveloped in the hamper of Third World that are dairy cows. So, their emissaries employ all languages of possible
demagogy of which cooperation, to make a fuss of the Africans while killing them, the mortifying, accusing them of crimes of wars
and crimes against humanity.
By accusing the Africans of the criminals of wars and against the humanity, in what do they refer?
Up to
proof of the opposite, no African country attacked any country in Occident. In Africa if we do not hear anything to the contrary,
no African country has the industry of weapon, neither light nor heavy, nor nuclear. All these machineries to be killed come from
Occident. But it is the Africans the criminals and ICC that is other court than an Organization of maintenance of Western interests,
approve any accusation against the Africans by using big juridical vocabularies against the unprotected Africans.
Why will not AU
as be able to constitute a branch of international justice for the Africans to judge crimes and atrocities and depredation of any
types as Western Worlds with their multinational companies and their ONG without valid corporate name are every day subjected in the
African population?
Europe is poor potentially, but acquires the nuclear power from which Uranium comes of the African continent that
is classified on the indication of living standard human, the poorest. And it by what a means these Westerners obtain it! By encouraging
the Africans in to kill themselves, by providing them every possible gun then by accusing them of war criminals and of criminals against
the humanity. They can decipher how many million African innocent victims left the skins for the years of independence (1960)
in favour of Western interests; however these last do not cease speaking about international cooperation.
Let us speak cooperation: The Cooperation is a form of Community organization which surrounds economic relations in most cases. Economy or economic activity is the human energy which consists in production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services. So, in a system founded on cooperation, the different actors work in a spirit of general interest of all actors. It assumes a certain degree of trust and understanding. Is it true that respect, trust and understanding reign in cooperation between North and South?
By speaking cooperation, the African leaders, must be careful.
Careful because, the international cooperation at this instant has no more same form as twenty years ago. Before the existence of
the European Union, international cooperation was made between two sovereign countries; for instance, cooperation between France and
the Senegal. But today it is not any more the same. The Senegal remains the Senegal and France is not any more France, but member
inserted into 100 % of an union which must control everything its geopolitical space and the movement of his members across his relations
with other countries or group of countries. Therefore if an emissary of France comes to collaborate with any African country, this
emissary is an ambassador for all survival of the European Union, while the African country contents him as sovereign and the single
weight to be sold isolation. Therefore, the African as unit isolated collaborates in made with a giant (group of several countries
at the same time) under the flag of the single country.
So, the signature of agreement with this European representative saves this
country from lives of all Europe and in the sometimes African brags about the visit of the emissary and about cooperation, but is
losing on all point. This case is the same with the countries which cooperates with the United States of America. This American is
just one giant against of each of the African countries in isolation. So, Rwanda collaborates with the United States, Libya olso
collaborates with the United States, Angola olso collaborates with the United States...But, the giant United States make an only
one and imposes its policies in another way in each of the insulated countries and is able of seeding conflicts without each not knowing
the origin of dissension exactly.
Agreement on the product such as uranium, the weaponry which Europe will fabricate, even if they
speak about civilian usage, it is not only for the benefit of France, but also rather for strategy and the stability of whole Europe.
Therefore, any member country of the European Union has as objective to cooperate intensely and separately with African countries
who heretofore they are still autonomous and disrupted, because everything is to the advantage of united Europe.
Other example: during
elections in Democratic Republic of Congo in year 2006, they saw the Belgian military troops, Frenchman, Englishman etc. But all these
troops make that an only one! Eufor. An united military strength, but under flag French etc. So, if a Belgian service is affected,
it is all Europe which in mourning and not only Belgium.
Let us speak about the last visit of the French president in Africa (Congo-Kinshasa,
Congo-Brazzaville and Niger). The French president employs her influence to sign mining agreements with these countries individually
without other protocol. But in his return, he owes fact of reports and for France and for the European Union of his success on the
mission of cooperation with each of these individuals. On the other hand, what Africa wins? Let us agree that; it is even for a long
time that the Africans will be subjected to international cooperation of « winner - loser ".
Africa United will not need to matter
since Occident. Africa has everything to be self-sufficient in it. It has oil, agriculture, ores, forests and what I still know! You
should not delude himself of phantasms that, the development of Africa will come from Occident. Europe buys our coffee from a giveaway
price and still honours to export it to us under an aluminum packing still another product in provenance always of Africa, in triple
even quadruple of the purchase price. Example is evident; actual economic crisis (recession) is said worldwide because Western Worlds
are affected. The Africans are for decades in recession, which speaks about it? Does actual worldwide recession indeed concern the
African continent?
Every emissaries Westerners entice the Africans with Fabre which we know very well: « The Raven and the Fox. »
Having provides during decades with weapons of mass destruction the most
ignorant Africans, having created any kind of bloody conflicts in Africa, depredation of all natural resources in Africa, all of a
sudden the Westerners in recession. How to explain this bloody strategy? What do they make with these treasures ransacked everywhere
in Africa during of years? How do they get organized for the sharing out of its stolen property themselves? So, it is true that: «
Badly acquired property never uses it! »
For the Africans leaders who understood and understand these political stakes to separate
the Africans because, it is a Court which is especially conceived to put inside the hard and perceptive men in developing countries.
Sudan even not being signatory of this treaty, but the International Criminal Court accuses their President of war criminals and crimes
against humanity. Then if the President of Sudan is a criminal and Israel against the innocent population of Palestine, the United
States of America against the Iraq population, hunt in Taliban’s which however are natives and are at home in Afghanistan, but it
is necessary to exterminate them all. These acts justify crimes against humanity under no circumstances!
The wind of the worldwide recession which blows, a disastrous
sphere of influence caused to a great extent by big Western potency in every direction, does not spare them either. The question which
remains now to solve, is the strategy of exit of this crisis.
All emissaries Westerners use now the magical term of "Cooperation".
For decades, the cooperation of force in form of: « loser - winner, to separate to reign, exterminate to occupy and have unrestricted
access in means, creations of bloody conflicts between the same people to impoverish them more and more », do not seem to hold any
more. Then, it is now necessary to calm down and to entice by the demagogy of cooperation.
These Western Worlds create the International
Criminal Court, an umbrella of justice against the perceptive of Africans leaders, with the aim of the eliminating one after another
gently to have the free way in depredation. In the mid-time, the emissaries collaborate to exploit better.
Some people narrow their
market booths by every possible budget cuts for their national programs, etc. But on the plan of the foreign policy of Western Worlds
in relation to developing countries, it is one wrong of serious head coach, they have just accomplished or to understand that the
force of weapon cannot resolve the serious problems of recession which clamp down in their territories at this instant.
The most
part of the Western Worlds priories supporting diplomacy in war. But what type of diplomacy? The diplomacy of winner - winner or ofwinner - loser?
Under soil of African countries am packed with unexploited treasures of every kind of which the Westerners are
aware and want at all costs to appropriate it of force, by creating conflicts without reason among the people of Africa. Congratulations,
they have reached for decades, but for some time misfortune is good and the Africans followed well learnt the lesson of this school
and, who is going to deceive which supporting? The past catches them at this instant and, they are slaughtered and they are not able
any more of controlling their strategy of superiority of warlike.
It is themselves that fabricate weapon of mass destructions.
These are themselves the big sellers of these products in African countries, in exchanges of raw materials in a illegal manner. These
treasures ransacked in Africa avoid the same the tax investigations of their own governments. Then, how do you want this sphere of
influence of criminal cooperation not to create what they call recession? The economists are going to stay over the theories of the
curve of Phillips, the supply and demand, but the true reason of crisis is elsewhere. Everybody became accountant, that is to say
the global economy depends on the force of crimes made in developing countries. So, the economists to envisage in their counting and
evaluation, the humanitarian crimes perpetrated by big potency in this planet consequently.
The Westerners try by oblique means
now by using the International Criminal Court to stop the toughest African presidents who understand their stakes, to replace them
with louts presidents whom they can manipulate easily, but anything work (the case of the President of Sudan). Policy to separate
to reign has no more effect. They are rather going to use now the term of cooperation and diplomacy for tried to soften up the leaders
the tamest Africans.
If only recession hit only the Americans and limited itself only to their border, the rest of the world
would check them off of the finger and make fun of them. Unfortunately, it is not the case. Crisis has rather a form of only visible
and nameless invisible virus in the large microscope. So, immunization proves to be obligatory for all citizens of the planet. To
know that, the most part of these antidotes are in African countries and other developing countries, which are in war at present with
which sometimes the UN and present, sometimes force of NATO are ubiquitous.
The UN under the umbrella and the command of force of
the Westerners operates to protect the interests of these last. This multinational force is criticized of everywhere by humanitarian
ONG and others because, facts are there. The more the presence of force of the UN is on the ground, the more violence intensifies,
that is to say bloody battles between the so-called troops risen up, rebel, etc, against the so-called regular forces grow.
NATO
for her part, questions of their new strategy of intervention and finds forced itself to speak more about diplomacy than hiss of bullets.
One of the sources of recession is; the immoderate investment on violence (sale of weapon of attack, illegal working of natural
resources, supports unbridled of wars.) on the way back, these corrupting investors believed make wonderful winnings, but unfortunately.
The economists find now it difficult to give a ruling on the certain resumption of the global economy because, according to economic
theories, wars are not party of counting and his invisible factor come to fluster order and cycles of the budget forecast. Other question
than they can settle: The end of her wars in Africa or elsewhere, will it indeed resolve the problem of recession? Where it is rather
the end of the working of the means of these countries by force will perhaps be able to attenuate the effects of recession since,
the people of his corners devastated by wars also have to benefit from it of their own treasures. Today, the African people grabbed
well and understood signification and all forms of Western policy on his continent. The rebound will be easy for the Westerners always
with their strategy of the diplomacy of winner - loser?
Statistics will say that recession diminishes or augments, according
to official reports in Western Worlds without taking into account destructive effects in Africa for instance. Africa is always in
recession and Western diplomacy is going to give to understand the Africans that: We are the best equip technologically to get outside
of recession and leave us doors opened to exploit your natural resources and when we (Westerners) shall go out of the hole, we shall
tighten you the hand to come through misery.
A language which Western diplomacy does not stop making glide under several forms
and the leaders of African countries are allowed, to take and Africa for no more than fifty years of independence never goes out of
this hole of recession.
Afrogouvernance - February 19th, 2009.
For already 50 years, all Africans countries are sovereign. Nobody questions their rights of sovereignty. But what
they make with these rights? If it is only corruption, bloody conflicts, selfishness, economic crimes where from the leaders forget
the existence of their populations bluntly and knowingly in favour of the interests of the foreign bribers, they favour social inequality
within populations, etc. To have a better life in these Africans sovereign countries, it is necessary to have the chance to have a
best friend or a member of the family among the influential leaders to benefit from unequal privileges and share the national cake.
An African continent with a basement potentially from richer than whole Europe, but shelters the most mendicant and poorest population
of the planet and however, all countries of this continent claim to be independent and sovereign. How will you explain these sovereigns
rights and so contradictory?
Just after accession in the sovereignty of almost all African territory in 1960s, the true Africans
leaders of the first hour quickly understood that sovereignty was a necessary, but not sufficient condition to advocate the freedom
of the African people. So, as you know it, movement said Pan-Africanism, among which the founders had roused themselves bodies and
souls to acquire the sovereignty of Africa, knew about and already that, African Unity is more solid than simple sovereignty for to
fight the imperialists.
By definition: Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Africanism
«Pan-Africanism is
a sociopolitical world view, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify both native Africans and those of the African
diaspora, as part of a "global African community". Pan-Africanism calls for a politically united Africa. »
Among pan-africanists
and Africans politicians of the first hour; they can name Kwame Nkrumah, Patrice Lumumba, sheikh Anta Diop, Ahmed Sékou Touré, Julius
Nyerere, Houari Boumediene, and that I still know, which sacrificed their souls for the complete freedom of the continent African.
Since 1963 of the time of Kwame Nkrumah with the noble idea of uniting, the majority
of the Africans leaders did not understand and do not under no circumstances want to intend heretofore to speak African of Unit. They
are rather interested in the African of Union. These old demons become attached to the union, since the union is similar in a sect
which can overnight break up and each will go to take refuge behind mountains to form own sect his under a form concealed by democracy
Unionist, by thirst to be able to dominate its similar. But it is not the case with the Unit which cannot break. An unit remain an
unit.
In my other articles, I spoke to you the history of the United States of America where I cannot repeat it any more here.
It is clear that, the Americans will still remain stronger for a long time and the masters of the world even from centuries on the
strategic planning of military, economic, political and social point of view. His superiority is not on quantitative plan but on qualitative
plan and is felt by this worldwide recession which we cross nowadays. America (United States) is the economic lung of the world by
the force of their unit and patriotism. As long as the United States have not taken off yet to go out of this crisis, the European
Union and the others unions of the world will always be made seize up seriously. To know that, the European Union and the other forms
of union in the world are a large economic force, but the true economic lung is the United States. So to say, the United States is
in recession, and the rest of the world shouts for help.
Africa which is always meant to be sovereign is always in perpetual
and endless recession, it depends in almost 90 % of the help of the European Union, the United States of America and Asia. How go
out will it of it in her carapace of sovereignty which makes it more and more poor?
Europe, Asia or America are not any time
made to help Africans countries. All resolutions of Africans conflicts always have to and first of all pass in transit by other foreign
organizations, before being solved. The reason is simple;
« African Sovereignty is an union of sectarianism without the following
day. »
Some Africans leaders of sovereignist tendency cling to power simply for their own glory, intended, and prosperity and
oppose at the idea of Unit of Africa (the United States of Africa) without valid reason, if it is only to protect their own prestige.
The founding fathers of the United States of America are not natives of America and each came from different corners of Europe
to live in this new world there, not to hoard of all power, but to unite with the others to form a strong unit with a view to fighting
the European monarchy. Thanks to their know-how, their competences in every field that they reached only with a small group of thirteen
States to be made understand persuade and to insert the rest of other States to become what they are today. This barrel a long hard
and difficult path, but they showed the fruit and the well-grounded of « the Strength of Unit and Patriotism. »
Of course, the
history of Africa is not that of America. But why the Africans always melt their hopes by counting on the help of America? It is not
Obama which is going to get outside Africa from the misery which it creates every day by the Africans authorities. It does not belong
to Obama to tell how treat and organize pieces of furniture in this vast continental territory « Help yourself first then the sky
will help you! ». Africa with rich mineral resources lived by millions of the intellectuals of high calibre in every field and to
call Obama to save them is not that it is aberrant and mortifying?
If only they recovered from it in statistics, the number
of the Africans intellectuals of university level, are counted by millions in comparison with the years of independence, today that
is to say by 1960. With all these grey subjects, what to make it with? They are using their mind only to sign agreements and leonine
contracts? And where is the know-how and African patriotism ?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afrogouvernance - by Gustave Botela Lipo - November 18th, 2008.
The Reform of the system of the United Nations as part of the actual new world order proves to be urgent and necessary.
The
Charter of United Nations is outdated and anything been envisaged so that she can take the exclusive rights of assertion of peace
with such bloody conflicts which are born of any room in every four corners of the planet.
The Globalization is a complex system
which is really incompatible at this instant with the system and the writings of the Charter of the UN and the human rights. If the
previous researchers thought of the Charter of the UN to prevent the third world war, they have never thought that with the fractions
of scattered armed conflicts also make so much deaths and of victims as with the single world war.
The United Nations and provided
with prestigious Charter, are not more than symbolism and do not have no more his reason to be, it demonstrates by its inability of
intervention and to take the monopoly of assertion of peace in this planetary space in full boiling with wars without valid reason
in developing countries and particularly in Africa. They cannot suspect it any more of his fall and its imminent disappearing in less
than a quarter of century.
Before we enter a deep debate on the functioning of the UN as assertion of peace, make a retrospective
in the last speech of the French president Nicolas Sarkozy, before the end of its mandate in the presidency of the EU, pronounced
last Friday, December 12th at the end of the summit of Brussels, before it suggested other alternatives for the resolution of conflicts
in Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R.C.)
[..... « They want to make nothing », explained Nicolas Sarkozy, president fulfilling the duties of the European Union, at the end of the summit of Brussels, regarding a possible operation of peace to the East of D.R.C. A lot of Series of military options were being studied, to try to answer a request of the general secretary of the UN, Ban Ki-Moon. It needs of time, before being able to route reinforcements in Blue Helmets for the Mission of United Nations in D.R.C. (Monuc). Abashed and divided, the Europeans how wonder answer « not » politely in the UN, the French president having given tone, on Friday, by wondering publicly « if it is necessary to send 3 000 men more » to this country, and by recommending to trust in the Angolan president José Eduardo back Santos, faithful ally of his neighbour, D.R.C, which would be ready to hire its army under mandate of the UN. Nicolas Sarkozy underlined that the EU « cannot go everywhere, always without border ». He also said that French soldiers participated in European operation in Chad and in Central African Republic. Nicolas Sarkozy also underlined his will of credit " a day " a debate on the presence of the French armies in Africa, notably in Ivory Coast or 1 800 French soldiers of operation Unicorn help the UN to reassure the electoral process in this country. « That they redeploy our soldiers in the service of peace in other regions of Africa or besides... They know our responsibilities, they cannot make everything », has still declared the leader of French State, at the end of the summit of the EU, whom he chairs till the end of the current year.
According to Sarkozy: « In
D.R.C., there are 17 000 soldiers of the UN; it is the most important operation of the UN troupes’. When there are 17 000 soldiers
and that they explain me that there is only 800 who serve, I wonder if it is necessary to send 3 000 more. »]
Sources: by published
RFI Article Last updated 12/12/2008 in 18:32 YOU.
If the French president, of whom his country which is one of five permanent
of the UN consists of nothing more of the manner, works this Organization of worldwide assertion of peace, how you want that other
member countries which are only extras can understand and take seriously aforementioned Organization? Why simply not to declare that
every Continent must now take its own responsibilities because the UN has no more its reason to be and lost pedals?
Are they
wrong to become alarmed that the UN is finished? There are several other such frightening factors who can give proof that the UN is
at the end of its peak. The war of Iraq, the leader of thread of the UN (USA), is crossed above the norms of Charter the founders
of which they are.
No sanction was taken against the United States of America, with their barbarous deeds against the Iraqi people unprotected. In Afghanistan, is a war against Taliban’s? These Afghanistan peoples are the natives of this country, where do you want them to go and to leave? Instead of finding peace by diplomatic means, not it is bluntly necessary to exterminate them. The UN approves this method and violent strategy which is proscribed in the chapters of his Charter and sends its troops to combination with NATO to kill innocent populations, etc. In what finally serve the UN?
The message is clear to all African leaders to know
that: To say from Sarkozy « That they redeploy our soldiers in the service of peace in other regions of Africa or besides... We know
our responsibilities, we cannot make everything … »
AU contents
itself with planning big plans of the creation of single currency etc, it is very nice and important, but anything being equal moreover,
thought of a single currency in divided Africa, where from bullets hiss and kill his populations everywhere across his Continent.
AU stations with nice sterile speeches at the time when the people shout for help. Without peace and security of the African population,
the plans of the single currency will never be successful. Divided Africa, heretofore AU is still not able of making go back the Kingdom
of Morocco within the African family, it is not able of regulating the problem of Westerner Sahara and of liberating its similar in
selfhood (Tindouf camps).
To safeguard the interests of the Western financial capitalists, AU remains deaf and dumb and arms
crossed to consider his brothers and sisters to suffer in the camps of Tindouf, in the camps of the refugees in Darfur and let us
not speak about it anymore with the Congolese who share their lives with the animals at this instant in equatorial forests east of
the Democratic Republic of Congo. And this African organization gives preference in foreign financial interests first, and it neglects
absolutely the chapter of peace and security of its own population, and leaves the all responsibities in the hands of the Westerners.
It is to put the plow in front of beef.
If it is the Westerners who always have to solve all problems of peace in Africa why
the Africans do say independent and sovereign countries? Are not we always colonized? It is not true that; « it are we Africans that
are the first reasons of all genocides in our own Continent? »
If the UN must disappear, imminent thing in years to come and
it is sure that before the end of this century. The Westerners have their NATO as force of assertion of peace and several other structured
Organizations well for the survival of their population. And the Africans have what exactly, AU? Otherwise, it is still necessary
to depend forever on the security of NATO where other aid agencies from Occident? It is really mortifying it is not!
According
to information in the possession (Nicolas Sarkozy), there are 17 000 Blue Helmets positioned in D.R.C and only 800 in operation. And
what make (17 000 - 800 = 16 200 soldiers)?
France is not a simple member appearing of the UN as African countries. France is
a permanent member of five. Thereabouts, you understand that she has veto. The French president settles the question of knowledge
and consists of nothing more of the whole that 17 000 soldiers and only 800 who serve. How do you explain and do you analyse his thought?
Is not it a message of waking to the African leaders?
Is the UN Secretary Ban Ki-moon aware that there are 17 000 of his Blue
Helmets in RDC or not, before applying by the additional way of 3000 Blue Helmets besides, and only in the single country? Therefore,
let us make a small counting: (17 0000 + 3 000 = 20 000). So there are only 800 serve 17 000 among in R.D.Congo today, for what will
serve 3 000 more? It is there that the Secretary of the UN must justify us his additional request. A contingent of the force of assertion
of peace never sent to any country in the world. The UN is there to prevent the third world war, but it is not there to prevent violations
against the women and girls to the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo, the unhealthy acts which are made by his Blue Helmets
all nights and all days.
The president Nicolas Sarkozy has still underlined that: « cannot go everywhere, always without border ».
What means that once the soldiers (Blue Helmets, Eufor or other force) dispatched in Africa, missions are merged, indeterminate, unlimited
length that is to say of missions without definite objectives and unhealthy acts of which all blows and are allowed.
Question
is asked to all leaders of the countries member of the United Nations. It concern especially African countries members of this Organization.
Is it not a thesis that the researchers should lean to understand better the reason to be from the UN at this definite instant? Mister
Sarkozy has just opened a chapter which is worth being definitely to analyse on all points, notably; political, economic, social,
and juridical and what I still know, because at this instant when the leader is in full recession (USA), the falling again of decisions
will risk influencing very heavily the shoulders of the Africans countries.
At first glance, mass media lies to us on the true
authors of violations of the women to the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is rather the Blue Helmets which are the first
authors. 16 200 soldiers, they are paid well and eat in depend on the Organization and who
make nothing absolutely. Not being able to support peace, they let off stream by violating the girls and the women to the East of
Congo. It is facts that the representatives for the UN cannot disclaim. In second place, having made the acts of violations in relation
to the Congolese women, afterwards they make what as occupation? It is clear that they make nasty birches they fight on the side of
the insurgents to exterminate the innocent civil men who will be able to harm them on their letting off steam on their wives and young
unprotected children. For the Secretary of the UN Ban Ki-Moon the mission of Monuc is a complete success in D.R.C. So, the war in
Kivu has its reason to be and the UN will be always ubiquitous to violate the Congolese girls and women in view of the collusive Congolese
authorities and of the AU.
The French president does not understand for what is of use the presence of the 17 000 Blue Helmets
in RDC, and on top of that, the General secretary asks for another additional force of 3 000 men on the ground.
It explains that, Blue Helmets in presence in Kivu are not enough because, there is plethora of the women always to violate and other
men are still needed to finish work better! What an odd of history! In twenty years, this province will be filled with the bastards,
with children not loved and not wanted by their mothers who will grow in hate and it is of look-alike of Kundabatwere that increase
in all territory of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Then imagine suite.
It is aberrant when the EU, wants to escape its responsibilities in relation to problems that it created of any room. Since the democratic
system took its impulse across Europe, European can they represent us, the single democratic regime which was composed of four vices
presidents?
Elections thrown in R.D.Congo, without caring about rules pre-established before the election call dress rehearsal
in a country. Force of the Europeans army (Eufor) besides the 17 000 Blue Helmets of Ki-Moon assembled regardless the population the
Congolese territory, to support or watch elections to the advantage of their interests. Now, the past caught it and do not know any
more on which foot to dance, all that the President fulfilling the duties of the EU declares: « cannot go everywhere, always without
border »
When the European army assembled in D.R.C., which was their true mission? We have seen since there was not war? Against
whom and for whom this contingent of Europe had come. El Dorado in Africa does not hold any more according to their plan and all that
stays it is escape forward with groundless speeches on behalf of the EU.
American and European economy is in trouble, in spite
of their capacity of military striking to impose their democracy of barbarism on the world. If it is indeed true that G10, G15, or
G20 whose no more number they know is really the richest in the planet, how to explain that their economy is in recession at this
beginning of the millennium, however it seems that it is the big G that control and impose guidelines to be followed for the smooth
running of the governance good in the world? They have financial experts of higher calibre, in spite of the depredation which their
countries make in Africa and elsewhere in the world, this is saying the big G, meet in full recession? It is unconvincing!
Let
us try to see a simple case: the price of barrel of oil augmented sharp since the second quarter of the current year, to the point
of attaining peak rate of never attained price or at least $ 160 USD the barrel. Explanation according to the economists relies on
the law of the supply and demand. Of which the active demand of oil in China, in Asia etc, who favoured singed by the price of barrel.
But amazing thing, the request in oil is only augmenting, but the price of blow today stung of the nose, the price of the barrel is
even worth underneath the half of the optimum price of $ 160 USD, to recover from $53 to $54 USD the barrel. Who knows if year 2009,
price will be able to lower the barrel up to less than $30? Future will say to us.
Therefore the law of the supply and demand
is now debatable, because it respects no more cycles and appropriate movements?
It can explain by certain factors who avoided
the economic researchers. Are they effects of bloody conflicts? These conflicts which are never calculated or envisaged in the foundations
of the economic basic rules would risk always in the future put down the wrong of head to the economic researchers. Effects extended
by wars in Africa, in Iraq, in Afghanistan, so possible in future in Iran, piracy of boats in full ocean etc, are not of signs favourable
to the savings of big G (G10, G15, G20...).
Unfortunately, it is the big G that are the first destabilizing of global economies
with their complex system of globalization of the markets which respects no more fundamental rules of the economy of the market. They
ransack everywhere where is of reservations of natural resources (Sudan-oil, Iraq-oil, R.D.Congo-mines-oil-forests, Afghanistan (Taliban’s)
- barrier against the progress of oil pipeline from Iran towards other destinations, etc)
El Dorado Westerner does not work anymore
as at the very beginning of last century. So, economic force moves slowly but in safety towards Asia and elsewhere that in Europe
or in America, what makes to shiver the Western financial capitalists who have more choice only to use towards the industrial capitalism
and to follow the trajectory of financial movement.
How many Westerners manufacturers prefer better to settle in China at present
of globalization that in America or in Europe, and to export their products towards their own countries because the expenses of hand
of writings are cheap elsewhere that to them. The American Congress, before approving the rescue of the three giants of the American
car, the congressmen put down conditions of which one of her; the producers of cars have to diminish their expenses of hands of work
at the same level as their counterpart of motorized manufacture Toyota. It is a material with cogitation for the economists and a
hard blow for the financial capitalists.
The American president elected Barak Obama screams for his part cry of distress
in the American business to support jobs in the United States of America, and in the sometimes foreign policy asks for concessions
on the hard line of USA against the Cuba, the Venezuela, Iran, Afghanistan (Taliban’s) etc. With all this amalgam of problems, financial
capitalism is at the end of its peak.
All these complex problems in chains, require coercive decisions and significant concessions
on behalf of big G? Without it, the economists will have of the thread to be twisted to fix predictions and establish budgets appropriated
for their respective governments. What explains summarily the outright failure of financial capitalism by for lack of barbarism on
the pretext of installation and on rebound of democracy in the world in process of development? But on the contrary, they rather are
making depredation in developing countries without taking into account human factors. Then is the big financials among whom G? are
not they ransacking themselves, by fattening more and more the factors who feed worldwide financial crisis which in his turn, procreate
the worldwide recession which catches us all in any speed and alternately?
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Afrogouvernance
- November 15th, 2008 - By Gustave Botela Lipo
When the Venezuelan president Chavez shouted in front of the stand of the UN in New
York: « I smell the smell of demon's frankincense »; everybody took him for an improper humorist.
There to say and with the official
report of murders in Africa and particularly east of the Democratic Republic of Congo that make the European Union general partner
by their Mister the United States of America, the president Chavez is wrong?
The Congolese population is humiliated in its simplest
expression. The American authorities, from the European Union and besides from other international communities are very aware of their
genocide acts in relation to the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The hard avarice of the Westerners reduced the Congolese
people to the less valorous goods than the recycled toilet tissue. Even at the time of sales of the slaves, the sellers and the purchasers
of slave had a lesser respect towards their human goods.
The
American government with their mega plan of AFRICOM[i], the Congolese’s (government) are not aware of the turn of events. The Americans
already have the hand put on all area of the African continent with their plan of Africom. Besides, the most part, I would say even
the entirety of all African countries have already signed agreement for the establishment of Africom, of which Rwanda. At this instant,
Rwanda is officially supported by Africom and the Congolese’s know it. Kagame remains the man of situation since the departure of
Mobutu, M’ze Kabila did not know how to seize opportunity. The first objective of the visit of the president Bush in Rwanda and in
other African countries was to make sure personally of their commitment on the plan of Africom, even if Western mass media spoke to
us programs of AIDS and others.
Since M’ze Kabila until Kabila Kanambe, it is thanks to the support of Africom that they support
power in Democratic Republic of Congo. The Rwandan had definitely understood stakes since, so shrewder Kagame, has definitely understood
and seized opportunity to control situation better in the countries of big lake. If Kabila M' ze was a good diplomat, the Congolese’s
would be in bargaining position and they will never have intended to speak about Nkunda and about Kagamé. So, Rwanda would be relegating
to its home position that is to say always behind R.D.Congo.
Through lack of political adulthood and Kabila’s does not know how
to grab opportunities to aim better the Democratic Republic of Congo. Worse still, the Kabila son and the ancient Prime Minister Gizenga,
both do not understand the reality of international diplomacy in the epoch of globalization in relation to Africa and particularly
the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Of his living being M’ze called the Chinese’s for the development of the country. It was tremendously
late from the point of view of international diplomacy. On the place to collaborate, it bragged to have hung up the telephone on the
American state secretary Madeleine Albright, a not allowable behaviour in diplomacy. The Kabila son has his turn, adopts the same
line without being first studying and analysing how he arrived at the top of the mountain without providing effort. He must keep this:
« It not there nothing for anything. » Power has its price.
For the diligent researchers, they know how Darfur is in fire many
years. The war of Darfur has to have nothing with ethnic war as mass media gives us hear. It is the war of oil. And this war procreates
several facades among which ethnic war etc, but in reality it is war between World Bank and Beijing. Therefore Americans against Chinese.
The Democratic Republic of Congo is living the same fate. It is in the Congolese government to make the choice, because they cannot
follow two hares at the same time. Or they are the Chinese’s or they are the Americans.
To know that, the Chinese’s will never finish
war in Kivu. They are there to exploit mines and it stops there. The rest concerns them in no way. The Congolese government got involved
blindly to sign leonine contracts with the Chinese’s, Congolese authorities cashed of prodigious the billions dollar sums in depend
on the population and or are they now? Misery always in full swing accros the innocente population.
The key to
cease the late permanent employee depends on will of the Americans and person cannot contradict me on this fact[ii]. Read in the fourth
paragraph of the text in reference:
« McCormack urged Nkunda to return his forces to their pre-August 28 positions rescind his
party’s call for open revolt and resume talks with the democratically elected and internationally recognized DRC government. »
After
this exhortation, Nkunda quickly respected and made a obligatory stop with his troops.
The Congolese government does not have
choice at this instant. It (government) has no capacity to fight the insurgents. Even with the aid of Angola, the government of Kinshasa
will never manage to make hush up about Nkunda and about its herds, and Congolese authorities are very aware. Almost all African countries
are aware of this fact. Besides, it is a trouble lost to fight, it is rather necessary to find the diplomatic way. You should not
sacrifice the poor Congolese soldiers for a reason which is beforehand already lost. Almost entirety of African countries already
agrees with the mega plan of Africom (US Africa Commandment), which is already officially operational in Africa since Wednesday, October
02nd, 2008[iii].
If power has its price,
to know that avarice also has his. The leonine contracts have magnifying the pockets of all Congolese leaders without exception. They
are the most corrupt and the genocide first against their own population. In summary of inventory;
1- Of The President in the office the number of the advisers of which is not known and the wages of each of them are also neglected of
the national accounts. Expenses are uncontrollable. The distance of social life in comparison with the population is justifiable in
no way.
2- In the premature, Prime minister and his ministers, his deputy ministers, his ministers of States
and all gangue of his office, nobody has idea of the estimate of their annual salaries, of expenses and the recipes which makes every
ministry.
3- The Parliament, with more than 1000 dumb representatives (Senators and Deputies), they are only
charming all women of the capital with their nice cars acquired by the silver of the taxpayers. Anything concrete is made for the
country and to see even some of them even do not know how to read.
The poor Congolese populates is absolutely disarmed of inside as
outside country. Their representatives are the most corrupt of the nation. Whom to trust? Conflict against corruption should first
begin in the summit instead of coming down to the innocent poor people (populations). Congolese’s Authorities are all traitres.
The authorities of the Democratic Republic of Congo, in spite of the increasing number
of the intellectuals come from every four corners of the world, nothing still works. All community is taken to the single person that
Kabila is. Definitely sure it is it the leader, the guarantor of the country that you had chosen in any unlawfulness. Since his office,
in the Parliament, in the premature, they are all Congolese’s pure wool! Then, the complaint is justifiable or simply the lack of
patriotism of the Congolese’s?
The population cries by day and by night, but their own brothers who aim the government make the deaf
ear. If it goes on, alternative so that matanga[iv] ceases the following would be:
Having seen the inability of Congolese authorities
to complete successfully the governance good in this country; that they decree a special law then earlier possible to trigger off
a national referendum.
This referendum will have as topic:
« The leasable bet of the Democratic Republic of Congo for a
period of 50 years »
By the tenancy, they do not hear sale! During this period of half a century, political stakes and
collaboration will be respected at least and for the investors and the government of R.D.Congo. The investors will be in obligation
to sign not leonine contracts, but worthy and legally justifiable contracts. The same investors by force of circumstances, security
must be essential it means, to make rein a lasting and permanent peace. So, the future of the existent children of this generation
will have the necessary time to understand better, to learn and to assimilate the smooth running of reality on such economic, social,
cultural political stakes and others who could help them to aim their country better in subsequent years after the end of lease.
This
hypothesis not much to seem aberrant for some, to meditate very well on question because, you will discover that there are more advantages
than disadvantages in the bottom of the vast. It was already experienced in China. The history of Hong Kong is palpable.
If it
is not ideal resolution according to certain thinkers of whom you are, then it is necessary as quickly as possible that Congolese
authorities think diplomatic alternatives able of finishing it once for all war of Kivu, finally that the Congolese population finds
its respectability and peace in its territory.
They cannot always repeat the same song in all our published articles. The democratic
republic of Congo is an environmental disaster, it is Punch's secret it is not the hiss of the bullets that will put an end to this
war of working. The international community is going to distract the Congolese’s with humanitarian missions etc the knot of problem
it is the working of the basement Congolese. While being positive, this country is lucky and can develop in less than ten years and
misery will not have any more its place, so only Congolese authorities understood stakes and knew how to grab good opportunities in
presence. Everything is permanently between the hands and nothing is lost. If there are good diplomats in the governmental and quickly
team the turn is played and the people will sleep calmly on his pillows in less than month. We are in 21th century, in the world in
full mutation. How the Congolese’s still don't understand and do not always know how to mutate how and however it is simple and easy?
If the Rwandan reached, why not the Congolese’s there? Then to you to meditate!!!
If I do not make a mistake, a Congolese leader
in this case mister Thisekedi govern of the UDPS party, has underlined in one of its speeches on the topic of political adulthood.
Aim a country; it is not as they aim a herd of the cows which they can make anything. A political adulthood is needed to complete
successfully the policy of its country.
Before elections of 2006, if you allow me to make a step behind, I am not member of
the UDPS party, nor even a supporter, but I want simply to make my analyze on the thought of the guide of the UPDS, mister Thisekedi.
He had definitely thought that it first proved to be essential that:
« Before launching us on elections, according to the plan
satanically pre-established by the international community; it is first necessary that all structures are set up, that is to say:
population census, security, coordination of the offices of polls, registration of the candidates, checks on the identity of the presidential
candidates and in the legislative if they are Congolese’s or not, etc, and then if everything is structured well and formal, they
could trigger off aforementioned election. But other compatriots did not want to follow these ideas. Where are we today? Others are
taken by CPI etc »
« A saying African says this: The mouth of an oldster stinks since it has no more force to brush its teeth,
but the words which go out of this evil-smelling mouth always say the truth. »
The leasable bet by the Congolese government of
a party or entirety of its territory is a possible resolution for lasting peace in this country. Even if the Congolese government
becomes one of the foundations of Africom, which however existed already unofficially under another form since the regime of Mobutu,political adulthood must be essential. Those who choose political life as career, that they forget avarice. So, the acquisition of
political adulthood is an university of life that a person dedicated to aim people must know how to control all shocks of psychological
and moral aspect, to have humility throughout his life, that is to say since his youth, because to aim millions of people better,
it is necessary to have so intellectual capacities as moral balanced well and very developed.
By using term tenancy, it is necessary
to know that there are more winnings than losses. The Democratic Republic of Congo nonetheless, is under tutelage by the UN. Decisions
which will take the UN for lasting peace in this territory the crisis in Kivu will be only correspondent in the resolution recommended
by the international community, having seen the complete ineffectiveness of the Congolese government to act in actual circumstances.
Therefore, this proposal of the tenancy should come from the Congolese government after public consultation, and of no from international
community.
[iv] Matanga:
word in lingala, one of the popular languages in D.R.Congo, who often expresses himself when a family is in mourning of one of his
members and everybody gathers on the place of the deceased to mourn missing person.
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Afrogouvernance- By Gustave Botela Lipo - August 22st, 2008.
The Organization of United
Nations (UN) is an international organization objectives of which are to make easier collaboration in the domains of international
law, international security, economic development, social progress and Human rights. The UN has been founded in 1945 in return for
by the Society of Nations, to stop wars enter countries and to provide a platform for dialogue.
In summary the five main functions
of the Organization of Nations are:
1-collaboration in the domains of international law;
2-international security;
3-economic development;
4-social
progress and
5-Human rights.
The UN has been created in 1945 in return for by the Society of Nations (SN), to stop wars enter countries
and to provide a platform for dialogue. Curious thing, this replacement is only of name. (See my article on the UN and SN of last
year), I had explained the reasons of this replacement and change among five permanent.
The actual Charter of United Nations differs
in no way from the Charter of its PRECURSOR SN. The only added chapter that is of the Blue Helmets. According to five, the failure
of SN is owed to the lack of armed contingents, to be able to prevent the Second World War. It is valid, but not sufficient to justify
the true reason of the disappearing of aforementioned society.
Today in 2008, 192 States are members of the UN, or almost all those
who are officially acknowledged. Therefore every 53 countries of Africa are members. It is almost the entirety of all States of the
planet which are members. Since the membership of Montenegro in 2006, the UN counts quasi entirety of the States of the world consequently,
that is 192 on 195 that she acknowledges - the only States not being members being Vatican City (who has watcher's status however),
islands Cook and Tied.
Its seat which is on an international territory in the city of New York in the United States, the UN and its
specialized agencies divided in other States, take various resolutions all year long on subjects which are of their domain of competence.
The
UN is financed by contributions volunteers and by Member States, and has six official languages: Arabic, mandarin, English, French,
Russian and Spanish.
A reform in depth of its functioning up to now is demanded by the most part of its members. It
is forced back, but the problem of the budget its debt) and that of the functioning of the Security Council (the arrival of new permanent
members and the extension of its domain of competence) become more and more masterly.
During his mandate, the ancient general secretary,
Kofi Annan, prescribes numerous studies on ways to be followed to reform the organization. But, through lack of general agreement
within the permanent members of the Security Council, they stayed at the moment in the drawer. Particularly, John highway. Bolton,
permanent representative of the United States in August, 2005, the position of the hard line maintains, not making unanimity and so
puts the possibilities of reform in the freezer.
On March 7th, 2006, the general secretary of United Nations, Kofi Annan, offered,
in a report in General meeting, to Member States huge one reform of the administration of the UN, waited by the worldwide leaders
after the Organization had been shaken by a series of scandals. Mr. Annan sported a series of measures going of the relocation of
certain services in the strengthening of the system of signing of markets. This one was these last year’s put in evil by the scandal
of program « oil counters food » from the UN in Iraq and when an internal inquiry discovered arguable practices in the area of the
assertion of the peace, having caused the million dollar dozens of losses for the Organization.
Called Invest in the Organization of
United Nations to give him the means of its worldwide vocation, this report of 34 pages acknowledges the inappropriateness of actual
administrative structures in the challenges which the UN is being supposed to do raise every day, 61 years after its creation. He
underlines dizzy increase, since the end of Cold War, activities of ground of the UN, notably operations of assertion of peace, which
absorb more than 70 % of the budget of the UN, assessed at about 10 billion dollars, without taking into account UN agencies (UNICEF,
PAM, PNUD), with an identical budget. Mr. Annan offers « to melt down again absolutely the whole secretary, his rules, his structure,
his clockwork, so that he is better adapted to today's realities » and « to delay entirely in nine the whole organization.
An international organization introduced by the treaty of Versailles in 1919, himself worked out in the course of
the Conference of peace of Paris (1919) was, with the intention of keeping peace in Europe after the First World War. The objectives
of SN included demobilization, the prevention of wars through the principle of collective security, the resolution of conflicts by
negotiation and total improvement of the quality of life.
Based in Geneva, in the Palace Wilson then the Palace of Nations it is
replaced in 1945 with the Organization of United Nations. She does not play his role entirely before the Second World War.
The main
promoter of the SDN is the president of the United States Woodrow Wilson, former professor of political sciences in Princeton. According
to its analysis of the First World War, secret diplomacy is main reason and the Society of Nations must thwart it. The 14th point
of Wilson constitutes therefore the foundation of this association of nations. Nevertheless, the American Senate, by opposing to the
ratification of the treaty of Versailles, votes against membership in the Society of Nations and the United States are never part
of it. In the interwar period, USSR and Nazi Germany as well as Japan (in 1933) and Italy (1937) go out of SN. Paul Heymans became
the first President of the Society of Nations in 1920.
The diplomatic philosophy which governed the creation of the Society represented
a fundamental change of the thought of the previous centuries. The Society has never had armed forces «in clean " and, because of
this or that depends on big potency for the application of its resolutions, that it is economic sanctions or provision of troops if
necessary. However, the concerned countries were little often willing to make it. Benito Mussolini declared: « the Society of nations
is very efficient when sparrows shout, but more whole when the eagles break ».
After numerous notable successes and some particular
chess in 1920s, the Society of Nations has been completely unable to warn the attacks of the Axle in 1930s.
The launching of the Second
World War showed that the league had failed in its primordial objective to avoid any new world war. The Organization of United Nations
replaced it after the end of war and inherited a certain number from it of agencies and organisms.
The representativeness of the Society
was always a problem. Although it is planned to include all nations, many people have never joined it, or their participation was
short-term. In January, 1920, during the beginning of SN, Germany was not immediately allowed to be part of it, because of a strong
resentment towards this country after the First World War. A key weakness came from the non-participation of the United States what
abolished a good part of its potential power. Although the American president Woodrow Wilson is a chief force during the creation
of the Society, the Senate of the United States voted on November 19th, 1919 for its refusal to join the Society.
The Society was even
more weakened when some of main potency left it in 1930s. Japan which started as permanent member of Council, left in 1933 after SNhad expressed its opposition to the conquest of Manchuria by Japan. Italy, also permanent member of Council, left in 1937. The Society
had accepted Germany in 1926, considering it country «friend of peace ", but Adolf Hitler got outside it from it when he came to power
in 1933.
Other one of the big nations, Bolshevik Soviet Union, was member only between 1934, when she joined SDN by antagonism with
Germany (person who has resigned the previous year), in 14 December, 1939 when she was excluded for her attack towards
Finland. During the exclusion from Soviet Union, SN violated its own rules. In effect, alone 7 of 15 members voted for exclusion (Great
Britain, France, Belgium, Bolivia, Egypt, South African Union and Dominican Republic), what represented by the majority of polls requested
by Charter. Three of these members had been named to Council the day before vote (South African Union, Bolivia and Egypt). Indeed,
the Society ceased working indeed thereafter. It was officially dissolved in 1946.
Another important insufficiency was that she pretended
to represent all nations, but that the most part of the members protected their own national interests, and really did not get involved
for SDN and its goals. The reservation of all the members to use military option apparently showed it. If the league had shown more
resolution at the time of its creation, countries, governments and the dictators would have been able to be more circumspect at the
time of risking his anger during the years which followed. This lack was, partly, reasons of the launching of the Second World War.
The
Organization of United Nations did not make more feats than SN. Among these 63 missions of the peace in the world maintains, the complete
balance sheet is practically always negative. There is strife between the five permanent. They deride at the rules which they established.
The example of the United States for its plague in Iraq was not granted by the UN. Being the founder leader, it complies itself, without
taking into account veto of others. The UN is in radio-control by will of five. Afghanistan is in perpetual war, it is necessary to
hunt Taliban’s of their territory. Where do you want them to go? So, this war will never have of the end, because scenario is too
much risked. If it is necessary to dispel the French people from the France and the Americans of America, think of it in disasters.
The true reasons of hunt in Taliban’s are elsewhere that the research of Ben Laden. A fugitive, against all big military strengths
of the planet and in spite of equipment, aviations, radars, satellites and weapon of top of the high-tech, they still do not succeed
in capturing him! It is really the high international mafia. The source of oil is at the root of this indeterminate conflict. The
Russians fought Taliban’s during more or less 10 years, without result convincing. And it is the Westerners who will there succeed
in preventing the building of pipeline for the progression of the oil of Iran passing by Afghanistan to attain China? While USSR fought
against Taliban’s, the United States and their allies of NATO provided military weaponry, to counter the offensive of the Russians.
What do you think that the Russians will make in their turn to cause to fail the alliance of NATO? It is an impossible mission under
anonymity of assertion of the peace of the UN, which the United States and their allies will end up leaving sooner or later. Taliban’sis the natives of Afghanistan, and the objective of the Westerners according to one of mass media, is to evict them from their territory,
to have green light on the frankness of oil. In it, it is first necessary to exterminate them all, if I do not make a mistake.
In Africa,
every multinational worldwide rush to exploit the unexploited reservations of the deposits of this continent. Instead of entering
by the big door, not it is necessary to create bloody conflicts between Africans and in the mid time they ransack their means. The
UN is always present in all these regions of battles. Assertion of peace for the interests of the multinational. Many years; Darfur,R.D.Congo, wars which never finish it and the UN assertion still the riot of peace.
Instead of admitting its impotence, through ICP,
it is necessary to accuse the president of Sudan as genocide. Does not he have the right to defend his country against the invaders
and the terrorists Westerners? Once again, the slogan of democracy knocks all over of Africa to destabilize the economy of the Continent
in favor of the Westerners. The UN waits only for it to fulfill its mission of security guard of the interests of the multinational
in Africa. Once there will not be any more deposits in Africa, the missions of the UN in this continent will have no more its reason
to be.
By then, the treaty on the United States of Africa will be ratified as soon as possible. And African Unity will be more concrete,
more complete and more solid and will organize that now. Leaving this hypothesis;
Your comments------» info@afrogouvernance.org
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Afrogouvernance– By Gustave Botela Lipo – June 27th, 2008.
Mouammar Kadhafi is not the charismatic leader, whom Africa needs for the rise of African
Nationalism?
In us referent in the history of our continent for the years of independence, us loses all our true leaders. They can
name: Kwame Nkrumah, Patrice Lumumba, Sékou Touré, Thomas Sankara, sheikh Anta Diop, Julius Nyerere, Mohammed V of Morocco, Houari
Boumediene, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Mehdi Ben Barka.
These African leaders all spoke the single language, «African Unity». For them, Africa
was a plot of the single family polygamy of which was allowed and respected. All children, in spite of existent of several mums, liked
each other and knew that they all had the same DNA. They had since then understood that, nothing could develop in Africa if the family
is scattered. They understood that Unit is the only weapon to fight the attackers. Crisis’s that we live today, is of our own error,
because it is our own corrupt brothers who fought them and we here is all today in the same bag term of misery.
The African became
synonymous with a poor, insalubrious, insignificant, mendicant being, an improper artist. The African Diaspora saw in insalubrious
conditions in the countries of Occident in spite of their degrees of higher education. Confronted in cultures compared to the Africans,
the Diaspora often loses pedals for education of their children. They are made to make everything for the survival of their families.
She does not know anymore what she resembles because, almost all actual African leaders on the fifty three countries which counts
the continent, are all most marketing agents of the Westerners. They make nice speeches, but in reality, they betray the continent.
This hypothesis is proved by bloody conflicts fabricated by any room, on the pretext of ethnic conflicts between Africans, participation
with our own leaders happy to sacrifice souls of their brothers and sisters for avarice in the service of the attackers and genocidesWesterners.
At this instant, our leaders are Africans worth being called leaders? Africa is the dairy cow and a bottomless reservoir
of mining, oil, forested treasures which fatten the economics of the whole world and the Africans are the poorest of the planet. This
is Punch’s secret. It is to whom error?
Our leaders are all aware of this reality and really nobody among them is still able of saying « Not
this is enough? » The leader of Venezuela Hugo Chavez has dared to say any high in front of the stand of the UN in New York, what
the others say very low. That of Iran Ali Khomeini had the greatness of its ideas in its expressed turn. It is example portrays leaders
whom every family of the nations of Third World needs to liberate his people in the labels of the attackers Westerners.
In Africa,
it remains us that the single leader able of saying not this is enough. It is Mouammar Kadhafi. It proved to us during its last visit
in December, 2007, in France. For more than a century, which therefore after the audacious actions of our missing persons African
leaders named on the top, that you remember dared to face up giants?
Mouammar Kadhafi history of which you all know lived the worst
of his history with his people. Today, the same who were his juror enemies are creped on his feet. So only Africa with its 53 countries
independent and rich in sometimes mining, oil, forested means and that I still know, had ten similar leaders at least, Africa will
not wait for the subsequent centuries to develop.
Can
the intervention of the mercenaries of MLC of Bemba in Central African Republic it be justified?
Afrogouvernance - June 08th, 2008.
How
to give proof, active, unconditional support and by military means muscular of Jean Pierre Bemba in the regime of the president Ange-Félix
Patassé in 2002. Why this last had not called the Union African rather how it was case in the islands of Comoros, to save his regime?
They
are many questions on the call of Ange-Félix Patassé to mercenaries of Bemba. Knowing very well that is it saying armed with Bembais not a legitimate army of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and on the side of Bemba also knowing that it does not have the right
to make these incursions in another country, CPI should not accuse and condemn these two War lords among whom Ange-Félix Patassé andBemba as African genocides?
We could definitely understand that Patassé makes call to a neighboring country to help it to mast
the Rebellion in its country, as this barrel the case of the Moroccans who had helped of Zairian at the time of Mobutu, to mast the
rebellion of Kabila in Shaba. But as for the intervention of the Congolese rebels, who in their own country in R.D.Congo are considered
illicit. Then a president of the Central African Republic calls the rebels to fight against rebels. It is perhaps a new African theory
not yet known by the others, exit of the curative practice certain viruses of which it is necessary to fight by the same microbes
(vaccine).
According to my opinion, these practices bluntly have to be severely punished in Africa. It is the civil populations
which will always pay price.
Definition of rebels. According to Larousse:
«A rebel is a person who opposes or fights
against the government or others in authority » So they speak about rebel troops.
Since the fall of Mobutu, the Congolese rebels
are still not able of stabilizing their own country. You all know the equation (1+4). Their force of striking limits itself to the
civil population. All these War lords create complete confusion. Some people proclaim themselves liberators, other saviors, but when
they look their balance sheets, they are any genocide. They attack the innocent civil populations. Has their rebellion really a sense?
Thing
having a great time, these rebels are able of helping another country in trouble. Is it a new military theory of intervention or incursion
invented by military geniuses Congolese’s and Central African?
During the incursion of the rebel troops of Bemba in Central
African Republic, acknowledged legitimate by Patassé, how Africa can work in the similar riot? What the corporate name of the African
Union? Must they continue leaving the African continent in an African Union dumb, deaf and handicapped by all its members?
This
manner of making proves the ineffectiveness of the African Union. As I had said and stressed in my other articles difference between
the Union and Unity, example of the rebel troops of Bemba and the ex govern am flagrant so that quickly the African leaders concentrate
on the choice to keep the union or to pass to the upper speed by erasing the Union African bluntly and to replace with « The United
States of Africa. » In this text, I do not want to come back on this debate of the Union and Unity there;
« But our African leaders
have of the flour on the plate, and have to know how to marinade to produce the single edible sacred bread by all Africans. This bread
which will belong our bread of African Unity. »
Kwamé Krumah had exhorted to these associates Africans, «We must unit now or we die»;
the torchlight is in the hands now of Mouammar Kadhafi which always fights, but certain leaders pretend to understand nothing of African
Unity. With Unity Africa will be stronger and count among the most developing of the planet before the end of this century. Without
Unity, let us forget African development.
Fighting them of the MLC was solicited to save the power of Bangui. MLC of Jean-Pierre
Bemba came into force and numbers it in Central African Republic. The mercenaries of the MLC were more where less to the number of
1 500 unfolding in Bangui and in the west of the country. They had as mission to reassure communications with Cameroon, which constitute
the main access to the sea of Central African Republic. It is the soldiers of the MLC that caused to fail the tray of State blow of
October, 2002. But faced with a State insolvent and unable to pay, they devoted themselves to depredation and acts of violence of
every sort and kind.
Assessing their feat in R.D.Congo; crimes are against their own brothers and sisters, nothing conclusive.
With all that they had as weaponry, how they could not use to safeguard the sovereignty of the Democratic Republic of Congo and reassure
the population of Kivu against the atrocities of the troops of Kunda? Some people will say that the act of Bemba is a Revolution,
but far off on comparison
The troops of MLC also had as mission to protect Central African lawful regime, reassure RCA and its
border regions with Chad and accomplish stability in Central African Republic. If the troops of Bemba being they acknowledged to be
formidable and to be able of stabilizing such controversial situations and why did not make it in R.D.Congo? Instead of protecting
its own population in R.D.Congo, abuses of the soldiers of the MLC in the region of Ituri, east of RDC, had already led the ambassador
of the RDC to United Nations, Ileka Atoki, to ask for the creation of an international criminal court to judge the authors of atrocities
and of serious violations of human rights. An inquiry of MONUC (Mission of the organization of United Nations in RDC) has confirmed
facts. Today the international Confederation of human rights claims the international before the court criminal translation of Jean-Pierre
Bemba, held of behaviors of its troops.
Objective and main reason of the intervention of the rebel troops of Bemba in Central African
Republic.
If the troops of MLC Bemba made the « state trooper of Africa », According to numerous watchers, who could help of unconditionalAnge-Félix Patassé, if it is only his son Bemba as he called him himself. Angel Patassé and Jean-Pierre Bemba: the father and the
son split winnings following from all underground traffic of diamonds, wood, cacao and coffee passing in transit by Bangui from the
northwest of the democratic Republic of Congo, which it rebels of Bemba control many years. This is one of the reliable sources of
incomes for both families. Go bald treasures of two countries for their own interest.
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Afrogouvernance – June 03rd, 2008.
Administrative mismanagement, is the first and major reason of poverty in Democratic Republic of Congo
Definition:
Public
administrations are governmental institutional units, which govern the functioning of the society.
The public administration, in the
peculiar, is a domain of study of political sciences. This one develops the aspects of organizations of States, the organization of
democracy, the bet according to public policies. In short, all that touches action or public organization of the world.
When they speak
about a governmental authority it is simply a public administration of which they list. It is commonly about a government, about a
State, about institutions or about public establishments which establish public policies, proposal of not salable services or sells
property and salable services with title attachments.
Consulting us in the European norm of national accounts, public administrations
are defined as:
All the institutional are units main function of which is to produce not salable services, or to perform operations
of redistribution of income and national treasures. They draw the most part of their means of obligatory contributions. The area of
public administrations consists of the central public administrations, the local public administrations and the administrations of
French national health and pension’s organization.
They divide public administrations between the central administration (which regroups
ministries), the regional administration, and the administrations of French national health and pension’s organization.
The public
administration as city higher is a field of study of political sciences. It is necessary to know that political sciences have several
fields, but the public administration is the key of political sciences. Without a strong public administration, the policy of a country
is floating and fragile. Nothing can work without a well structured public administration and the politicians of which have obligation
and duty to respect the pre-established rules.
When they speak about the good governance, it is intricate in no way as some people
think. It is about the administrative organization in the society. Leaving a family, the administrative organization is important.
Which makes what; the parents have their duties towards the children and these last have their obligations also towards the parents,
and each must respect his commitments in relation to other one, otherwise it is complete mess. The administrative organization of
a society is the main necessary mechanism in the good functioning of a government. It is by the quality of services given by a public
administration, which they describe as the good governance in a given country. The pre-established rules administratively by a government
XY, are policies that the citizens, politicians, the leaders, the state leaders and in roughly, all inhabitants of a country without
exception have duty and obligation to respect them and to conform.
If the public administration does not work normally in a country,
it is the guarantee assured by the outright poverty of the population. The poor step of the public administration proves irresponsibility
and incompetence of the management of public property by the leaders of the country. These two major elements fatten miserably corruption,
crimes, rapes, which I still know, that predominate and become rituals official and institutionalized in the country.
In the case of
a country as the Democratic Republic of Congo, the public administration of which works only of name, a branch of political sciences
that the church-goers care hardly about its existence, how you want to speak about the governorship in the similar country? The public
administration for this country means simply the presence of the civil servants in the service of ministries and these people work
for the politicians.
The three state departments which manage the country of which; - Executive, the Legislative (Deputy and Senate)
and the Judicial, are only of name, but fulfill their role in no way. Every department works independently as in a private firm and
family. Every man is for himself and God for us all. The authorities of national security among which; the police and the army became
ownership deprived of political leaders. The policemen and such badly paid servicemen do not have choice that to hang on to the leaders
to acquire some favors for survives her of his families. The population has no protection, though the money which pays the agents
of national security comes from taxpayers.
Finances and public expenditures
Public finances indicate the study of norms and operations
relating to the public deniers. According to organic criterion, public finances can also be presented as all the norms governing finances
of the State, of local authorities, of organisms of French national health and pension’s organization, of public establishments and
all other artificial persons of public law. It is a field at the crossroads of the tax law, at the constitutional law, as well as
of the public accounts.
Public expenditures are all the expenses accomplished by public administrations. Their financing is assured
by tax revenues (levies, taxes, and social security contributions (social contributions)) and by the public deficit.
The annual procedure
of adoption of the Budget is in numerous countries a forte of parliamentary life. Means and expenses to be considered are the following:
The
bulk of public means comes from samples / obligatory contributions (levies, taxes, parafiscal contribution) often supplemented by
borrowing.
Public expenditure concerns functioning, investments and redistributions.
The balance of public means except borrowing
and public expenditures is the public surplus or the public deficit of the year)
To judge the financial health of a local authority,
they can look at ratio Means except borrowing / expenses
Various ratios allow judging the financial health of public administrations
in their group
In the most part of the countries, so much the Budget, which represents the fluxes of expenses and recipes, is broadly
itemized and discussed, so much the patrimonial aspect is in general not much studied and disclosed.
In the most part of the countries, the Ministry of Finance (who can understand
the appellations of economy, treasure, and job) is a key governmental institution which completes various missions:
This role
can be kept by one or two ministries, which will be then the ministry of economy and the Treasury.
The Budget is the annual budget
which the State holds, that is to say all the count representing recipes and expenses of the State for calendar year. The State balances
it by means of the debt (if necessary), or by putting its surpluses.
This budget registers in the broader frame of the budget of public
administrations: see public finances.
The State takes a sample of levies or issues national debt.
There are two main categories of recipes:
In Democratic Republic of Congo, all these departments,
the presidency, the primature, ministries, the Parliament exist outright. People who work on it however come from honor schools and
renowned universities to the world. But nothing works. The law of SHARIA is needed, before everything walks!
A president in place,
a prime minister with her ministerial team, more than one thousand parliamentarians (Deputies and Senators), and one voted for the
budget. No transparence, the population knows anything of the functioning of this apparatus. Misery deteriorates, according to the
statistics of human life; the Congolese’s of Kinshasa are classified among the poorest of the planet. How do you explain this phenomenon?
The
Democratic Republic of Congo, is not able of feeding its own territory with electricity, however the country have hydro electrical
means that can feed all Africa (Inga). Agriculture is neglected, however the soil Congolese is fecund almost 100 %. The ministry of
Agriculture ignores the existence of the farmers who however nourish populations. Does the Congolese government know the importance
of Agriculture in a country? Congolese’s authorities prefer consuming import that local. However they are there to organize to produce
on a local level, but prefer the Chinese rice to the Congolese rice.
My question to the readers is the following:
In view of the activity
of the Congolese leaders nowadays, the Democratic Republic of Congo can she also be classified among developing countries? React!
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Democracy
and gouvernance: Snake at two heads
Afrogouvernance - May 15th, 2008.
At this beginning of the millennium, the new generation of policies
of foreign aid takes shape in Africa particularly in the case which concerns us and in all rest of developing countries in general
here. The international community must show and remind by this opportunity, to re-think of the policies of collaboration of development
to promote democracy and consolidate the good gouvernance and the State of right, finally to guarantee the respect for fundamental
freedom in developing countries.
In this context, the international community has a serious role to be played, seen the policy of the
international collaboration which is in full mutation (structural reforms and redefining of international politics, etc)
1990s, democracy
as political skyline and domain of possible should be those of glorious democratization, those of the third wave of adopting developing
country. Since the end of Cold War, the new openings came and allowed to the international community, to liberate restrictions of
bipolar game, to promote democracy in a more definite way.
During the same period, promotion and firming up of the governance good
and democracy became at the same time a challenge or an objective, and a condition sine qua none of the policies of collaboration
in development, duality which however does not go without recalling a certain ambiguity, even polarity. Are the bilateral agencies
and the multinational institutions in the development of firming up and the promotion of the governance democratic good in developing
countries, as well in emergent democracies as in situations of post conflict?
Proneness of policy also makes feel within the institutions
of Bretton Woods, notably the World Bank, which accomplishes culmination and insufficiency of the traditional policies of numerousconditionality’s.
The twentieth century which has just gone out, was rich in manifold experiments in every field and in contrasting
educations. So, what lessons must we draw of more than century crossed under a decade of international assistance in democratization
and in firming up of the governance good? With approaches and used strategies, what were results? This passage from a millennium to
other one is also impregnated by a progressive but significant transmutation of the policies of assistance in democracy and in gouvernancegood. In all countries of the world, the governance good became the brand drum of all governments. This one is in full mutation, in
transition of a first generation at about second, which under waits for the policies of globalization which become more and more complex
and democracy needs to reset or to redefine. It appears proper and urging to think on the experiments of this last decade.
Since the
beginning of this new millennium, emergent democracies follow their efforts to reinforce the conquests of their fragile processes
of democratization. The challenge for these new democracies is to consolidate practices and democratic institutions, to root them
in attitudes and political habits so that democratic principles determine the field of possible and approval in policy.
The resurgence
of conflicts inside States shows that if the democracy, a reinforced time, is holder of stability, the process of democratization,
as for him, is bearing of instability.
Perspectives and ambition of the beginning of 1990s often proved to be wild, a big part of democracies
births being in a grey zone between the real democracy of liberal inspiration and authoritarianism opened by totalitarian aspiration
today. The processes of transition think they are jammed, they are incomplete or taken a new look. In a lot of respect, the optimism
of present after Cold War was disappointed.
The nature of regimes which characterizes number of emergent democracies, particularly
in sub-Saharan Africa is often ambiguous, midway between liberal democracy and declared authoritarianism. A big part of emergent democracies
are de facto, semi-democratic regimes or semi-authoritarian regimes.
These regimes are characterized by their political volatility,
their governmental instability, their institutional fragility and their weak economic performance.
Development
and democracy.
Afrogouvernance – The first of May, 2008.
In the present circumstances of globalization, it's worth to speak still about
old diversification between the North and the South? There of other term, the distinction between the North and the South has another
distinguished sense?
As an example; let us take the GDP per head which is a familiar indication, that means nothing in practice, to
classify countries on both sides of break North-south, we underestimate that the distance between the privileged social groups, which
increases spanking, has already reproduced huge divisions of the South in the middle of the North. In short, it seems that « effects
fallen again », recently, particularly get weaker, even in the North, and not only because of recession, but especially owing to the
enhancement of globalization which has still aggravated the inequality of incomes, particularly in the Anglo-Saxon countries.
A new
crack North-south, horizontal on traditional borders of the North-south, begins taking shape. By speaking of Anglo-Saxon, let us take
Great Britain as example portray. The inequality of income has considerably increased for already several decades. A commission of
cogitation named by the government Blair (former prime minister) had specified in its report: « From 1979 till 1998-1999, real income
had augmented by 6 % in bring forward it the lowest of the sharing out of incomes, by 82 % in the most well brought up. The mean income
had augmented by 55 %[1]. » During the same period 1980 - 1990, in the United States also, 60 % of the increase of incomes went to
the 1 % the richest in the population, and the real income of the poorest 25 % stagnate for thirty years[2].
By using alternative
indications on the degree of contentment of the essential needs by coats of the population, without invoking if they live in the North
or in the South, new questions are going to settle. So, in what category is it necessary to classify a country as the United States
of America, where one child of five lived in poverty and where eight million children are deprived of medical care? Also for Great
Britain, where, on the basis of an inquiry of ground accomplished by the Service of national statistics, a study led by the universities
of Bristol board, York, Loughborough and Herriot-Watt had determined at the end of last century that is at the end of 1999 when, a
quarter is 26 % of the British population lived in the poverty, measured in terms of insufficiency of incomes and numerous deprivations
of the property of first necessity. The same study had confirmed that the rates of poverty augmented very fast during the period of
globalization. Therefore, in 1983, 14 % of household lacked three properties of first necessity or more because they could not give
themselves it. In 1990, the percentage is crossed to 21 % and, in 1999, to more than 24 %[3].
There is no surprise. To a report of
the UNICEF[4], the United States and Belgium, which belong to the North group, succeeded although, in proportion to their income per
head, in assuring survival, feeding and education that Kenya in the South. The same report adds as that by classifying the countries
of the world according to the ease of their population, and particularly of children, we find at the head of list of States as the
Vietnam, Sri Lanka, the Nepal, Cuba, with rates of infantile mortality lower and of records of schooling of the young person which
they do not expect in view of their GNP per head.
This analysis encourages not only to wonder if the discrimination between the North
and the South has another sense, but also to wonder about the useful indicator for such classification. « A question which settles
specifically: is it possible or done desirable to perfect a common indicator to classify countries at the very different economic
and cultural needs? »
Development or democracy?
Today, political life excludes more and more people except as voters, of economical
life except as consumers, or of environment except such as they are conditioned by their roles in economic and political process,
defined respectively by the market and representative democracy.
On political plan, all important decisions are made by professionals'
elites of policy. At economic level, these are not democratic decisions of its citizens who determine what is produced in a country,
but of reports of ownership and of modes of sharing out of income.
The imperative an hour, it is therefore to work out a new aiming
step the self-determination of the individuals and groups at economic, social and political levels. This step must understand the
institution of new political, economic and social structures assuring the control of the citizens of their means. The human needs
do not have to be subjected to a system orientated to the growth, which conditions them and spreads them in the infinity. They could
be adjusted and delimited rather permanently by the very community. Besides, not important element of the population of the North,
it’s not privileged social coats, has needs extremely different from those of the great majority of the population of the South.
Dilemma
consists in discovering a common mechanism of rehabilitation which is valid for populations not favored by the North and by the South.
This social coat of the populations which constitutes most great majority of the worldwide population is absolutely dominated by a
privileged minority of political and economic professional elites.
As we all know it, colonial working, who however played a big role
in destruction, by violence, the auto-centered economy of numerous countries, nor only the corruption of the elites of the South or
the conspiracies of those of the North which canalized in the failure of the economy of growth in the South. On this point of view,
I would support the classical Marxist thought which saw colonialism as wrong essentials because it contributed to the development
of capitalism in periphery[5], and I would add that fundamental reasons of this failure are also internal polarity of the process
of the globalization of the economy of growth.
Survives the economy of the market expenses of the mechanisms of its reproduction and
must stretch in an uninterrupted manner in new domains of economic activity. This expansion must open in the fields of action such
as:-the technological innovations in the savings of growth reached adulthood. Where then by a geographical expansion which is in fact
a firm of destruction of all self-sufficient savings of the planet. But, once where auto-centered economy is destroyed, either by
violence (recolonization), or by market, two parties in unequal economic power (in terms of productiveness, technology and distance
of incomes) enter direct contact.
So, the systematic is functioning of this mechanism of the market guarantees then reproduction and
worsening of their inequality. Such is the essence of the failure of the South. The extreme inequality of the control of incomes and
productive it is means which follow inevitably the composition of an economy of market / growth. In a system of free market dominated
by the ideology of growth and personal avarice, development is badly orientated without consultation and causes an effect of dysfunctionsubscriber trunk dialing of the very system, since it is the power of purchase of groups with well brought up incomes of the North
and the elites of the South which determines what they produce, how and for whom[6]. In other words, what is true for an economy of
market / growth on national plan, which, except efficient social is control of force of the market, can rest only on an unequal sharing
out of economic power and unequal development of the various economic areas, and is also true for an internationalized economy of
market / growth?
It is the fundamental reason of economic crisis, Environmental and social actual, comes from oligarchic political
and economic structures which assure assertion and reproduction of these privileges.
The problem of development in the South is not,
as assert it conventional theories and predominant elites of the South, to set up in the South an economy of market / growth working
properly. It is rather to institute a new general democracy which could determine collectively the fundamental needs of populations
and find means to satisfy them which restrict at the very least damage inflicted on the poor world.
[1] Patrick Wintour,The Guardian, 27 April 2001.
[2] Anthony Giddens, The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy, Cambridge, Polity Press, 1998, p.
105.
[3] Felicity Lawrence, «Mass affluents get richer as the poor get poor», The Guardian, 2 April 2001.
[4] Rapport de
l’UNICEF pour 1994. Ibid., 22 juin 1994.
[5] Shlomo Avineri (Edition), Karl Marx on Colonialism and Modernization, op. cit.
[6] Ted
Trainer Developed to Death, op.cit.
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Afrogouvernance- By Gustave Botela Lipo - April 16th, 2008.
The analysis of the African federalism, under the auspices of Pan-Africanism (Suite 1)
The
federalism makes in effect traditionally the object of political and juridical polemics which concern the question of sovereignty
and its corollary, differentiation between federal State and confederation of States: in the first case, it is the unity which is
sovereign to the detriment of the integrated States; in second, States remain sovereign.
Before entering the deep of debates which
compares federalists and antifederalists, it is necessary to analyze the criticism which makes the first of the confederate system,
and particularly to follow from too close distance the disputation which concerns the question of sovereignty.
The federalism points
out that the African Union such as it comes today, leads Africa inevitably to true political crisis’s, which comes down to the inability
of the Union to exercise the powers which were entrusted to him, as well as to assure the lasting conservation of the confederation
of States as well against all risks of outside threats as against internal riots. In other words, anarchy threatens the Confederate
African Union.
It is obvious that « powers should exist, to identify and to aim Continental force against foreign potency and domestic
insurrections. » To know also that, « the Unit between African States is not less important as the Union or collaboration between
the foreign States and the Continent African. »
The first motive, which seems more important and serious to the eyes of federaliststo
oppose to the system of the Union, resides in insufficiency and insufficiency of link which holds African States together since its
creation in 2002. Of course that, the first try of the Federalism in 1963 (OAU), makes the official report of the not ambiguous test
of ineffectiveness also of the federal government. But there to judge, there are factors that explain and justify this weakness (we
shall come back there).
Insufficiency and weakness of the precept of the African Union nowadays, as for protection and as for security
of the members who compose the Union, the essential reason of the impotence of the Union in subjects of foreign affairs domiciles
in the lack of Unit of the African Union; therefore, a strong Union between States constitutes precondition of presence of peace and
lasting development for the African Continent.
« A Federal government (African Unit or the United States of Africa) is preferable in
the African Union just like the European Union. »
Narrow evidence between African Unit and peace, domiciles in the concept according
to which Unit will show a more important constancy in its diplomatic choices than a multiplicity of separated and independent States,
defending from distinct, irreducible and particular interests some in the others, and it owing to the coherence which must characterize
a strong union. Alone this last, therefore Unit can emphasize its position on the international stage faced with « foreign States-union
(EU, USA, ASIA…) ».
In the opposite, the insulated States some of the others will often meet difficulties to find a ground of wait
and make decisions together agreement, the diversity of their positions that cannot lead only to disagreement and to dissension, and
to peace nor to stability.
Decisions which they could take would be marked, at any rate, with the stamp of fragility or with lack of
character, what can lead only to conflicts and in the final analysis to wars eventually, as the Continent saw it nowadays. It is in
the sense that a bigger African Unit is the United States of Africa the necessary, sufficient and complete condition of preservation
and lasting assertion of common peace is.
Reasons of bloody conflicts and wars in Africa must be immensely harpooned less with an unique
general government, than with several sovereign governments. So, in this respect the African Unit or the United States of Africa favors
more safety or security of the people African.
The United States of Africa constitute the surest sole of lasting peace and security
of States, and this unit demands a certain dose of homogeneity, as necessary and sufficient condition of interstate peace.
« Unit
presupposes the existence of a homogeneous group, which really takes the form of the African people. »
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Afrogouvernance-
By Gustave Botela Lipo - April 11th, 2008.
The analysis of the African federalism, under the auspices of Pan-Africanism.
According
to the explanation of several authors; Pan-Africanism represents as the political and cultural movement which considers Africa, Africans
and descendants of Africans out of Africa as the single group aiming at regenerating and unifying Africa as well as to encourage a
feeling of solidarity between the populations of the African world. Pan-Africanism glorifies the past of Africa and instills pride
by the African stocks.
Political word comes from politikè Greek (« science of the business(stuff) of the State »). Numerous approaches
define policy(politics) as the organization of power in the State. But fidelity between policy and State this priority am not so assured,
is partly recent.
When they speak about political and cultural movement in Pan-Africanism, it is the policy in the more sprawling sense
which is therefore structure that in its turn must be considered in three dimensions.
1. from point of view administration, the structure
of a firm which is the rational layout of all essential elements so that the firm works;
2. In sociolinguistic, they speak about structuralism
which is a current of human sciences and captures social reality as definite group of structural relations;
3. In sociology, it is
a social structure which defines the organization of societies.
This political movement of which the functioning (methodic, theoretical
and practical) of a community, a society. Policy concerns actions, equilibrium, internal or external development of this society,
its internal reports and its reports in other groups. The policy in the sense of Pan-Africanism, is therefore in most cases what related
to the collective, to a sum of individualities and multiplicity.
As for culture, in its broadest sense, is considered to be all
distinctive, spiritual and material, intellectual and emotional relations, which determine a society or a social group. It includes,
outrages arts and letters, ways of life, natural rights of the human being, systems of stocks, traditions and beliefs.
Pan-Africanism
considers culture on no individual plan, which is all acquired knowledge, education, knowledge of a human being. But rather, on l
collective plan, than culture also paints all social, religious structures, etc, and collective behaviors such as intellectual, artistic
demonstrations, etc, which define a society.
Culture consists of three big groups of affirmations so: art, language and technology.
Every
community has its own culture and accepts or admits different cultures, in its breast. There is therefore a multitude of cultures
which meet, oppose, blend and, finally, is transformed.
Leaving this definition, the actual actors whose Africans the political leaders
have to focalize their conscience in this purpose to understand the importance of food better together, that is to say to form a «
strong unity. »
As named in my other texts, the division of Africa was made regardless the Africans. Potency Europeans shares Africa
according to their liking, without taking into account pre-existing political and cultural reality. They created borders that we are
forced to live with today, in spite of us.
On linguistic plan, most part of the Africans languages has similarities. It is proof that
we are an only one.
Having lived during centuries under colonial domination, it is normal that everyone in knowledge of knowledge,
behaviors, etc, in a word psychological confusion of any kinds, imported from the North, which overlapped in ours and to a certain
degree that, our cultures do not recognize themselves anymore and we adopt life practically in our mode, of maladjusted behaviors
which put us in psychological conflict in relation to us even. We favored other dialects such as; French, English, Portuguese, etc,
as nursery schools and relegates ours to the second rank.
Edward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912) is considered to be the father of panafricanistemodern
movement. Among panafricanistes, they can name Marcus Garvey, Henry Sylvestre-Williams, Kwame Nkrumah, Fela Kuti, Steve Biko, Patrice
Lumumba, sheikh Anta Diop, Sékou Touré, Julius Nyerere, Severin Toukoulou, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Mehdi Ben Barka, Thomas Sankara, Mohammed
V of Morocco, Houari Boumediène, and more newly the presidents Mouammar Kadhafi, Laurent Gbagbo, Robert Mugabe etc.
Kwame Nkrumah Panafricanisteof the first hour was not wrong to invite his associates Africans to form « African Unity. » So, originally in 1963, it was the African
of the Unity Organization (AUO). He did not speak about the African Union, as it is case in this organization today.
Union and Unit,
are not synonymous. The Union is always fragile. In a marriage between the man and the woman, it is an union that's why it ay separations.
But the existent children of this marriage are brothers and sisters. These last are the product of the union, which forms an unit
of a family. Therefore, division is impossible. The parents can separation, but the children never separation. This anecdote illustrates
very apparently problem, dilemma on unit and union.
Other flagrant example: The keeping of the first meeting of the African Union in
Durban, in Southern Africa, Morocco which was one of the founder members of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) refuses bluntly
and always the idea of returning to the continental organization as long as this one is democratic Sahraouian (RASD), proclaimed inTindouf (Algerian southwest) accepted the Arab Republic in the ranks.
The Moroccan representatives did not cease reasserting that the
kingdom «cannot agree to be part of an organization which inserts as member an enjoying entity either of legitimacy, or sovereignty,
or constituting principles of a State ".
Morocco left OAU on November 12th, 1984 to certify against admission as member of the RASD,
proclaimed by the Forehead Polisario which competes in Morocco for the sovereignty of Sahara Westerner, a former Spanish colony of
more than 260.000 km2, "recovered" by Morocco in 1975.
After the proclamation of the African Union, during the meeting of Lusaka (July,
2001), Morocco had confirmed that the Union started again initial mistake accomplished by OAU by agreeing to this entity to puppet
(RASD, editor's notes) to sign the constituting act and to ratify it later.
Since, the Kingdom of Morocco always supports its position
and refuses to assemble next to this pseudo-entity, unless Member States make a political decision to exclude it or, at least, pin
its participation.
The question of the return of the Kingdom of Morocco in the African family re-emerges on the occasion of the keeping
of every Pan-African meeting, several state leaders considering the kingdom to be one of the strong pillars of the continent and plead
and to continue pleading for its return in the African family, without discussing why thoroughly. Without consultation Morocco is
condemned, and must accept because the others plead.
The Kingdom of Morocco has its reasons to refuse this union with the Arab Sahraouiandemocratic Republic (RASD). This separation is used and the African union pleads and forgets that, Morocco is one of the federalists,
which are the fierce supporter of the Africanism.
If OAU had made this error, and if the AU had concentrated its efforts on UNITY than
on the UNION, the resolution of food together would already be there. But seen that AU moves away more and more the reality of UNIT,
having forgotten the plea then on Morocco. The situation between the Kingdom of Morocco and RASD, shows in what dissociates us both
terms: « UNITY and UNION ».
By analyzing shortly, Morocco has said never, nor refused to live together with the people of RASD. Therefore,
it is at the level of the political menus on outside interests that take shape wrangles. Therefore the EU is aware, but wants to plead
in favor of interests of except the community African. Morocco knows and acknowledges perfectly its laws and its natural rights and
international, by virtue of these rights, that the Kingdom of Morocco makes its claims.
The African Union just likes European
Union.
The European Union is also a new Organization as the African Union. It is only since 1992 only she came into the world. The
European Union ten-year-old than African Union. Have both Organizations a sufficient experience to copy?
The EU as you all know it,
is still too young and still searches on policies to adopt for the whole community that it has just put together. See that, heretofore
certain countries in its own continent do not still trust and still hesitate to stick, in this case the Switzerland, who does not
want to fill the form of membership, nor that of the single currency. Also Great Britain which does not want to know either policy
of the common currency. How explain and do you understand it, as Africans?
The Africans leaders prove once again, that they are not
ready to separation with pro-slavery doctrine. They feel better in this position than being indeed free.
The African Union will have
which position, since the European Union still scrabbles on its own diplomacy in relation to the newcomers. It tries for first time,
to put into practice a new theory as a result of the planetary mutation, of which globalization. And which you guaranteed that this
European Union will stay for a long time, because it’s Parliament in still have tons of flour loose to be gathered, on its table.
If AU is meant be the shade of the EU, means that, all orders will come of this last and if it bursts, AU which is shade will not
avoid fall of course!
There is not collagen in the languages of our leaders Africans. Some people say that Africa is independent and
autonomous, others on the contrary retort that we are going to forge our own way etc. But, we define ourselves as the shade of Europe,
how to declare us houleusement independent and able of forging our own way while being the shade of other one?
Morocco proves to what
extent the Union has no same signification as Unity. She can live without being member of the union and his people have to lose nothing
or to earn anything. If the Union is not always able of dissolving conflicts in Darfur, in D.R. Congo and elsewhere, besides fighting
the famine which clamps down Africans populations, in that the Union serves?
The European Union just likes the United States
of America.
With planetary mutation, Europe could not any more simply and only limit itself to the movements of goods and services.
It was necessary to fit to the rhythm of game as the others, if they want to be really held stand the firm feet in tempests and hurricanes
of globalization.
The United States of America is younger in comparison with the old continent of Europe. But the one who aims almost
all operations on this planet. How they arrived only after three centuries, at the time when old Europe I do not know of how much
centuries, the first worldwide potency economically is not, serviceman, etc. It is the key of the change in the manner of seeing picture.
Today Europe develops to surpass itself, and not future just like America. America remains America and Europe remains Europe. Given
that the gouvernance is not exported, the model of the gouvernance European remains clean to the Europeans according to their morals
and culture, etc. It is at the level of the self-government of sovereignty European that am constructed the European Union and the
researchers of all domains concentrate each in its field of action to find viable resolutions for all community which is meant live
together. It is a mixture of what I can call of « the Union-unit. » In this rhetoric, the European Union just like the United States
is justified well that the picture of the African Union just like the European Union it is.
The European Parliament so-so, gets organized
without the assistance of the United States. Is it the same case for the African Union in comparison with the EU?
If Europe copies
certain ways to make the United States administratively, legally or politically, according to my opinion, I find nothing of evil in
it, since also the foundations of American Empire are constituted a lot of parameters from the philosophers Europeans and others.
No country in the world can pretend to have all knowledge. They always try to fit knowledge and acquired experiments of everywhere,
to form its own stone.
African Unity or (the United States of Africa), just likes the United States of America.
Pan-Africanistswhich
have already thought of the federalism of African, was aware with the departure of the vise in which debate will be locked up.
Barely
taken out from the claws of the settlers, it was obvious that a plan as that of the federalism African in an economy no globalized
as today, and the always unstable world politically, it was not easy to find a political form appropriate to its ambition and to expect
of the citizens of the different countries, still under the euphoria of independence. The fathers of Pan-Africanism were forerunners,
and were early in comparison with the philosophers of the world Westerner from a distance (Europe), who did not see coming from noble
ideas as those of the cerebrums of the Negros. Action that the European Union is gluing together pieces today, does not it come from
Pan-African thinkers?
Reservations and impatience mingle on this foundation of the federalism, which is only magnifying the number
of the skeptics. It is a democratic deficit which characterizes the functioning of institutions Africans, and to call consequently
to the reform of these last.
For certain leaders, to get worried in front of what is perceptible as an opened or insidious threat
of sabotage of the sovereignty of the various African States.
While Africa wants to unite, Europe is making the same thing, that is
to say this last is in the situation which was that of the United States of America, there is it a little more than two centuries.
As
Europe and Africa, American curl can help us to think better of the problems to which our democracies are confronted.
If they refer
to an analysis of conditions in which the American Founding fathers intended to short-circuit the question of compatibility between
the training of a federal State and the assertion of the sovereignty of Member States, they did not in effect content themselves with
filling up a lacuna, in retrospect amazing, in political and constitutional literature on the United States[1].
The debate on African
Unity, is the United States of Africa perhaps reconstructed thoroughly from the transmutation of conclusions of debate between federalists and antifederalists during
the key stage of American history. This debate will allow us to sport captivating precepts of answer.
The cultural values
Considering
what they can call or qualify as cultural in the community of origin and language, the same religious view, the same creed in a certain
number of civil and political stocks, irrefutably formed in America the plinth of a form of collective identity. The self-government
of the different States so historically more returned there in a view Community and restrained by civic ideals than in the feeling
of a constituent differentiation between populations.
The federated States (to the number of thirteen States at the end of the XVIIIth
century), were lived as political areas of self-government and activity and not as States-nation in the European sense of term. Fact
to exist as one almost nation, without thinking even of forming a State-nation, led this way to a certain form of désamplificationof
the problem of sovereignty.
The view of democracy developed by the Founding fathers philosophical and more theoretical terms were,
who allowed to cease arresting as a zero-sum game the question of interstate sovereignty and Confederation.
« Federalists postulate
at the same time that it is the people who are central political subject (and not States as for antifederalists) and that these people
are numerous, various, or even divided. This personification of the sovereign leads them first to give more consistency in total American
identity. »
Sovereignty blocks federal process.
Faced with the indisputable quantitative development of the federalism
in contemporary epoch as well as with requirements imposed by the pluralist ideal of freedom and democracy, force is to note that
they cannot make the economy of a catch taking into account federal idea. Besides, a questioning on this question seems still necessary
in the fact that it puts us in the middle of the current economic situation of the African organization such as it develops today.
The
federalism makes in effect traditionally the object of political and juridical polemics which concern the question of sovereignty
and its corollary, differentiation between federal State and confederation of States: in the first case, it is the unit which is sovereign
to the detriment of the integrated States; in second, States remain sovereign.
To follow …
[1] Amazing
lacuna, because if numerous jobs had been so much dedicated to the convention of Philadelphia, which works out American charter in
1787, when in all process leading to the ratification of this text in the different States, they can be surprised that the rationally
central question of sovereignty does not make the object of specific researches earlier.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Afrogouvernance-
By Gustave Botela Lipo - April 07th, 2008.
Africa of the African Union (AU) or Africa of African Unit (AU)? Suite 1
AsSDN (Society
of Nations) should be dissolved further to its incompetence to prevent the Second World War, it is replaced with the United Nations
which it, pretends to be more efficient in the resolution of conflicts of wars than its sister. On the contrary, since its creation,
the number of the victims in the world, with bloody conflicts deliberately invented by big potency at the head, exceeds the number
of the victims of last two united world wars from a distance.
OUA (Organization of African Unity) should be replaced byUA.
The United
States of Africa (USAF)
Mouammar Kadhafi motivates the creation of the United States of Africa.
In September, 1999, during the
fourth extraordinary summit of the state leaders African and from government of OUA in Syrte (Libya) when the colonel Mouammar Al-Kadhafi
had subjected the creation of UA. This one came into the world officially two years and ten months afterwards, making concrete the
aspirations of several generations of Pan-African as well as those of the founders of the OUA.
Birth of the African Union (AU)
The African
Union (UA) is an organization of African States created in 2000, in Durban (Southern Africa). It officially replaced the Organization
of African Unity (OUA) in 2002. The installation of its institutions (Commission, Pan-African Parliament and Council of peace and
security) took place in July, 2003 at the top of Maputo (Mozambique).
Its first president was the South African Thabo Mbeki, the former
president of the OUA.
Created just like the European Union, its purposes are to work in the promotion of democracy, human rights and development
across Africa, especially by the increase of the outside investments through the program of the new partnership for the development
of Africa (NEPAD). This program stipulates that peace and democracy are preconditions necessary to the sustainable development.
The
objectives of the African Union include the creation of a central bank of development.
CHARTER AND RESEMBLED
- OUA had a general secretary
of the OUA
- UA has the Commission, based as shone process of incorporation, little like the European Union (EU) structures, the state
leaders will decide directly on these policies, while they often contented themselves notably breaks with the Charter of OUA adopted
in 1963.
- Other novelty inscribed in the Act of UA, the right of interference: conference will give green light to the Union for,
the continental strategy of development and «main economic weapon «of UA. This mechanism of mutual surveillance is being supposed
to do exercise its right of inspection, or even of sanctions, in good gouvernance and transparence in management. States is not there
in Addis Abeba, and general secretary to the president of the Commission, elected as him by the state leaders.
Member countries
There
are 53 members of the UA nowadays, are all countries of Africa, except for Morocco. This last left OUA to protest against admission
in the organization of the Arab Sahraouian democratic Republic in 1982.
Origin of AU
The African Union is born in will to restart the
process of political incorporation, which appears necessary to the eyes of the African leaders for the economic fast growth of the
continent. Impulsion would have been given by the Libyan president and guide of the Revolution the colonel Mouammar Kadhafi in 1998.
As during the creation of OUA, comprehension federalists and souverainists confront one another. According to analyses, result is
an organization of compromise.
Two notable changes in the new organization:
The new institutions of UA testify, at least in its
form, an intention of distribution of authority. In effect, within OUA, the only source of decision was the Conference of the Heads
of state. This organ stays, but power should to future to be shared with the Pan-African Parliament, set up in 2003 (still advisory
in 2005). This Parliament should open to the members of the oppositions of Member States. New organ, economic, social and cultural
Council (ECOSOCC) is composed to (made up to) him of members of the society.
Other characteristics of UA, its organization draws inspiration
broadly from that of the European Union. The general secretary of the OUA was replaced with the Commission, with a power of initiative
no and not only executive.
Preventions of conflicts
OUA, forefather of the UA advocated the respect for sovereignty and non-interference.
In the opposite, UA gives a right of interference in certain situations (genocide, war crimes). She plays a role since her creation
in this domain.
UA notably intervened in Togo in 2005: an opened crisis is avoided on the death of the "president» Gnassingbé Eyadéma
allowing to the son Eyadema to take the place of his father. It also intervened for the democratic resumption of processes, as in Central
African Republic and in Burundi.
Both actors within UA acting in this domain are the president of the Conference of the state leaders
and the Council of peace and security (CPS).
Its first mission at time when force of assertion of peace during Civil war in Darfurconsisted
in unfolding in about 2007 6 000 servicemen, during operation FRIENDS. But these are not sufficient faced with the largeness of task.
The
undertaking of the United States of Africa should be discussed by the leaders of State and government of 53 countries of the Union
African (UA), gathered in summit from 1st till 3 July 2007 in Accra (Ghana). Pan-African idea had led to creation in 1963, during
the euphoria of independence, by Kwamé Nkrumah. It is continued by the Libyan guide Mouammar Kadhafi, in this term:
« We are
free men. Africa is the ownership of the Africans », had proclaimed the guide Mouammar Kadhafi. »
Kadhafi intensifies the determination
of the Africans to live in unit
Accra - July 4th, 2007.
The guide Mouammar Kadhafi had assured in Accra that all African presidents
are the same agreement for the first time of the origin of a mechanism of federal potency and to continue the same trajectory on the
track of the accomplishment of the supreme objective which is the edification of the United States of Africa. Formulating in front
of the press in issue of the first session with closed hearing of the day, he declared that debates and debates of the summit of the
African Unity (AU) put all eggs into the single crucible, that of the African Unity, while guaranteeing that debates supported on
the present and the style of building of this federal mechanism. The guide Libyan had declared this, in reply to one of the questions
of the press in this respect that:
« All debate transported on the question of knowledge when to begin and how to put down the first
stone of foundation. Even though the Guide of the Revolution Libyan Mouammar Al-Kadhafi underlined that; we are all agreed and what
there is no divergence of opinion, on the contrary, they met as in 1963 with divergent thinking. There are those who recalled of localism
and others of the federalism (the United States of Africa). There were those who want it edification to be now made and others say
that they cannot be now pronounced, it is necessary to take time. In a word, once again two schools formed. Even if the speech of
the guide of the Revolution Libyan Mouammar Kadhafi had no ambiguity and was clear that all interferences spread in the single small
dish that of the Unity African.