With the image of the other great international units which we know today, the project
of the Unit of certain communities started with two countries to extend later to the greatest number.
Never not to marginalize
a sovereign and noble idea like that of the Unit. The Unit makes the force; nobody can contradict this assumption. The example of
Europe and the United of America to quote only these two communities, were organized in small number, to lead to the reality of today.
ü European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
The proposal for its creation announced by
Robert Schuman (at the time of his speech on May 9, 1950: day of Europe), then French Foreign Minister, was very quickly accepted
by all the countries which ratified the treaty in less than one year.
The treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC) was signed in Paris on April 18 by France, Italy, the Federal Republic of Germany, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Initiated
by Jean Monnet, it had for 50 years validity; it came into effect the 23 juillet1952. ECSC thus does not exist anymore since July
22, 2002.
Constituting the principal richness of the Western countries, steel had played an important part in the Second World
War (manufacture of the weapons). The project consists in sharing the production and the consumption of steel and coal between France
and Germany for then creating a European organization open to the other countries of Europe. This project has in particular a political
goal, because by signing this alliance a few years after the end of war, the two countries then show of their co-operation and thus
their at least economic reconciliation.
The treaty founds a Common Market of coal and steel, removes the customs duties
and the quantitative restrictions blocking freedom of movement of these goods; it also removes all discriminatory measurements, assistances
or subsidies, which would be granted by the States signatories to their national production.
The principle of free-competition,
while making it possible the States to keep a control on their provisioning, allowing the maintenance of the prices low the possible
level, is adopted.
The installation of the treaty was done in several stages. The two principal ones are: the creation of the
High Authority chaired initially by Jean Monnet, whose seat was in Luxembourg; The installation one period of adaptation for national
industries. ECSC was already heralding the European Union and its institutions.
ü European Economic Community (the EEC)
The
European Economic Community was born, after the failure of the European Community of
defence and the success of the Conference of Messine,
in 1955, following the signature of the Treaty of Rome, March 25, 1957 with (Room of Horace’s and Curiaces), in Rome. Because of its
principal objective, it was often indicated like the Common Market. With the signature of the Treaty of Rome, six countries (France,
FRG, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands create two new communities which are added to the European Coal and Steel Community
(ECSC) :
The European Economic Community (the EEC)
European Atomic Energy Community (Erratum)
The EEC had the role of exceeding
the sectoral approach (that of coal and steel to extend integration to the entire economic field in order to create a true Common
Market and an economic bringing together of the Member States. That passed by freedom of movement of the people (Convention of Schengen,
the goods, the capital and the services; by the abolition of the customs restrictions between its members; by the introduction of
a common agricultural policy (CAP), etc. It also already let foresee an economic and monetary Union, the euro zone.
ü European
Union (EU)
The European Union was born on February 7, 1992, at the time of the signature of the treaty on the European Union
in Maastricht by the twelve European economic Community Member States
(The EEC). It is an intergovernmental and supranational union
made up of 27 States, and whose list is not still finished lengthening.
The EU is the first economic and commercial power of
planet with approximately 31% of the GDP world. It is a construction of a new type, without preceding history, between different States
but pertaining to the same continent, Europe (though the limits of Europe are defined by cultural criteria as much as geographical,
in particular in the case of Cyprus, which geographically belongs rather to Asia).
The European Union is a legal entity independent
of the States which make it up and has clean competences (common agricultural policy, fishing, marketing policy, etc), as well as
competences which it shares with its Member States.
It is recognized as being an international organization (as well as the ALENA,
the MERCOSUR, the ASEAN, etc.) but with a clean political role more important than for the other international organizations, as well
as a capacity of constraint on its members more important. From the economic point of view, it has a customs union, like for fifteen
of its Member States, of a single currency, the euro. The Union is thus a hybrid supranational structure impressed at the same time
of the federalism and of inters gouvernementalism.
The Constitution of the United States of America is, in its own terms, the supreme law of the country. It was accepted
on September 17, 1787 by a convention at this meeting in Philadelphia, and after ratification, applies since March 4, 1789. Modified
by twenty-seven amendments, it is one of the oldest written constitutions still applied (oldest being probably that of the Republic
of San Marino, which goes back to 1600).
Influenced by the British tradition and of the liberal philosophers such as John Locke
and Montesquieu, like by the Corsica Constitution of Pasquale Paoli of 1755, it establishes a government with the limited prerogatives,
held to respect the basic rights of the citizens, and based on the separation of the capacities, which must control and balance one
the
other (checks and balances).
Ratified originally by thirteen federated States, become today fifty, it creates a federal State.
Although the constitution and the laws of the United States are binding on the various federated States, of very broad prerogatives
are reserved to them.
The government is, right from the start, of type republican and founded on the sovereignty of the people.
On the other hand, its democratic character with the current direction of the term, with the vote for all, appears only gradually,
sometimes through amendments, more often by the change of the laws or the reversals of jurisprudence.
The African continent
includes/understands 48 countries by including Madagascar and 53 by including all the archipelagos. Each country life is under the
influence of the ex-colonizers or other international powers. Thus, the big project of the United States of Africa launched by the
guide of Arab Jamahiriya Libyan, in the Declaration of creation of the African Union (UA), September 9, 1999, in Syrte, in the center
of Libya.
A project which will always have obstacles, following the incomprehension of the certain African leaders. They change
position of the day at the day while holding of the contradictory speeches, just to delay the setting project work.
The international
communities, which became today of great economic or military powers, are conscious of the force of the Unit. And never, they will
not want to see Africa developing because the aforementioned communities will not be able to exploit anymore the natural resources
of Africa. Our African leaders all are conscious of this reality. But why do they delay to ratify?
We will return later.
With
the example of the other communities (Europa, America), the project of the African Unit can be very well concretized by the will only
closes: two, three, four or five African leaders. They are the values of the African culture which is in plays which will make that,
the recalcitrant ones will not have a choice only to follow the steps, and to adhere.
Namely that; by the end of the century,
the communities will be identified do not have more by regional nationality such as; Congolese, Egyptians, Cameroonians, Moroccans,
etc, but rather by group of the States such as: We belong to the group European, Asian, America or Africa.
The proof is there. One
speaks already about triad which is; Japan, Europe and the United States of America. They are the leaders of three poles, which control
the world economy. Thus by the end of the century, Japan which in Asia with the Asian ones, Europe with Europeans and the United States
of America with Americas. And if the countries of Africa remained always statute quo without union, guess the continuation.
That
does not want to say that it is necessary to form initially, of small groups of East Africa, West, North or South, then to gather.
This way of linking itself will generate only conflicts, incomprehension, discriminations, as we live it until now.
The governing
idea is to establish upon the departure a core which is the African Unit with free choice to adhere where not. However, with or without
the unanimity of the 53 countries, the treaty must be ratified, while leaving the door open to the new members, even those which gave
up at the beginning, because it is necessary that reign always the spirit of the tolerance within the team.
A government
of the African Unit resulting from a minority of the countries, is able to take a lead in the international plan according to strategies'
of setting work planned well, organized and managed.
The stakes of universalization are too complex. It is necessary imperative
to be linked, to resist the unforeseeable waves of the planetary change. The force of each community resides, in the capacity of each
one to manage to nourish its population.
The weapons with fire do not have any more of the intrinsic values, those which manufacture
them now it is right by cupidity, and will end up transforming early or late their industries of the nuclear weapons, by the manufacture
of the current consumer goods, as it was the case of the industries armoured after the Second World War; who changed with industries
of manufacture of the cars of all kinds which we use today.
Try to gather all the 53 countries of Africa in only one whistle,
the bad external influences are multiple and certain African leaders’ traitor will only come to distract the gallery, and to complicate
constantly by questions that themselves do not have suitable solutions.